Marketing Plan College Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Plan College - Case Study Example This will provide Ownership Properties with an opportunity to leverage its core competencies while servicing its business clients in an exclusive environment. Ownership Properties, INC is a privately owned and operated real estate investing /managing company. The group specializes in investing ideas, occupying strategies, inner city locations and serves primarily investing clients. Its available investment properties have between three and five bedrooms plus categories, and include all local and nationwide homebuilders. OPI has a high instance of repeat business across all its brands, particularly with custom homebuilders. The housing market is currently somewhat depressed, due to the economic downturn and restrictions being made on qualifying loans and financing. This threat to these critical sectors could be considered as short to medium term, as indications of a return to business . Observed. Ownership Properties, INC must continue to focus on delivering an exemplary business service at competitive rates, in order to cultivate repeat business. Ownership Properties, INC offers value and benefits to its clients in earning percentage commission on all deals. Its clients need to know that they can depend upon and develop a relationship with the management company that will ensure efficiency, ample value for their money and reliable support when they need it. OPI chooses to build very strong customer relationships, and we want to stay an integral part of the investing market. Market Demographics - Investor sources: California, New Jersey, New York, Chicago and Portland. Market trends can be categorized as follows: Taxation investing - 15% of client base. A 1031 exchange of certain types of property may defer the recognition of capital gains or losses due upon sale, and hence defer any capital gains taxes. Section 1031 investors are mostly seeking to invest concurrently in multiple real estate deals. Quality is a secondary concern to quantity. These prospect investors are the easiest and the most corporate of all time, as their main concern is taxation. Section 1031 investors may purchase investment property without question or even a site visit, as long as the deals can be closed within their desired timeframe. A specific timeline and term have to be met in closing the deals. Investors could incur large losses if they do not meet the specific terms of the 1031 exchange. Cash investing - 25% of client base. This portion consists mostly of experienced investors, who have multiple properties and extra cash on hand to obtain a higher rate of return than the regular CD or passbook account at a local bank. These are the most efficient and mature clients, who can close deals within two days if the price is right. OPI tends to favors these type of customers because they are low maintenance. Long-term investing - 60% of client base. This kind of investing is always connected with financing. The investors who are interested in long-term investing are usually short of cash, but have good credit histories. They are looking for high returns, but are skeptical. fully depend on the rent in covering the mortgage. Since this group has little or no investment experience, investment advisors must usually devote a lot of time to consulting, confidence

Uniqlo Clothing Analysis

Uniqlo Clothing Analysis Introduction Japanese clothing brand, Uniqlo, specialises in stylish casual-wear which is both high quality and affordable. It is the predominant brand of the Japanese company Fast Retailing Company Limited and accounts for 90 per cent of companys total sales (UNIQLO UK). The first Uniqlo store opened its doors in Japan in 1984 and there are now over 760 stores across the country. Now a global brand, Uniqlo began international expansion with the opening of the first UK store in 2001, and it is Uniqlo UK which will be the focus of this report. After introducing itself to the UK, it was not long before Uniqlo had 23 stores across England. However, the brands simple designs did not prove popular and within two years 18 stores were closed (Marketing, 2007). Since its relaunch in 2007, Uniqlo UK has been gaining momentum, but it still has a long way to go towards becoming a leading fashion retailer in Britain. Consequently, this report aims to further this momentum through the development of a new integrated marketing communications campaign which would be implemented in 2010. Summary Context Analysis Customer Context Segment Characteristics Uniqlo currently targets a very wide audience, describing its key demographics as: Male and female; Fashion-conscious; Cost-aware; and aged between 16 and 96! (UNIQLO UK) Calgary Avansino, Executive Fashion Editor of Vogue magazine, has personally experienced the wide appeal of the Japanese brand. She said, â€Å"the store is for a young customer but at the same time I went with my mum who is 60 and she bought the skinny jeans in taupe and burgundy† (The Independent, 2009). However, the lack of focus which comes with having such broad segmentation results in an unclear brand identity, thus making it harder for Uniqlo to stand out. Brand Awareness, Perception Attitudes Awareness Every single one of Uniqlos 14 UK stores are concentrated in and around London. Current marketing communications are therefore focussed mainly on the London area, and as a result awareness of the brand outside this region is low. Include brand awareness pie chart + sentence about where theyre from. Perception Uniqlo is generally perceived as â€Å"deliver[ing] true value quality and style at a fair price† (Inside Retailing, 2009). Attitudes A random selection of Uniqlo shoppers on Oxford Street, London, were asked their opinions of the brand earlier this year. Eighteen-year-old student Rafaela commented on the versatility of the designs, stating they are â€Å"easy to mix and match†, and twenty-year-old textile design student Holly similarly said, â€Å"you can make the clothes look your own with more individual accessories. I love the massive range of colours.† Twenty-seven-year-old visual effects artist Nick liked â€Å"the fact that there are no naff slogans or logos†, and twenty-year-old textile student Iona appreciated Uniqlos â€Å"simplicity† (The Independent, 2009). Level of Involvement Involvement is relatively low when it comes to Uniqlos products. This is because it offers basic, inconspicuous clothing designs, none of which visibly feature the Uniqlo logo, and prices are reasonable which lowers risk. Business Context Market Positioning â€Å"Clothes that can be worn by anyone, any day†; â€Å"Uniqlo †¦ focuses on quality and value with a broad demographic appeal, though it has aimed at attracting young trendsetters by collaborations with designers and artists.† (Mintel, 2008) Current Marketing Mix Product Basics Simple, plain designs for both men and women, in a wide variety of colours. Items include t-shirts, outerwear, knitwear, jeans, trousers, and accessories, as well as dresses and skirts for women. HEATTECH Uses unique material, developed by Uniqlo and Toray Industries, which retains body heat. +J Collection made especially for Uniqlo by designer Jill Sander, released 1st October 2009. In the words of Calgary Avansino, â€Å"Her look is classic and simple, but also cutting edge in the way she cuts and presents her clothes† (The Independent, 2009). UT Uniqlo T-shirts (a sub-brand); Limited edition collections of t-shirts created by designers and artists from all over the world; UT has a different image to the rest of Uniqlos products and the t-shirts are promoted and sold separately. It will therefore not be included in the IMC campaign this report seeks to create. Price Basics Jeans roughly  £25, t-shirts  £8- £14, cashmere around  £25- £45 (Mintel, 2008); HEATTECH From  £6.99 (UNIQLO UK, 2009); +J Outerwear  £49.99- £99.99, bottoms  £24.99- £29.99, shirts  £24.99, jersey and sweats  £14.99- £29.99, knitwear  £19.99- £29.99, cashmere  £59.99-99.99, accessories  £14.99-79.99 (F.Tape, 2009). Place Physical stores: Currently 14 Uniqlo stores in the UK, including global flagship store on Oxford Street in London. The other stores are also all situated in the south of England, in and around the capital. Online store: Uniqlos comprehensive UK online store is an important distribution channel, allowing the rest of the country access to the brand. Promotion Advertising Uniqlo UK generally avoids overt TV advertising, but it has recently released a TV commercial for its HEATTECH range (see Appendix ?). Uniqlo mainly invests in press (newspapers and magazines), and outdoor (billboards, in the subway, and on buses). Look to Appendix C for a table detailing Uniqlos advertising spend, Appendix? for examples of Uniqlos recent print advertising and Appendix ? for examples of their outdoor advertising. This summer Uniqlo launched a global ad campaign for their new casual sportswear, featuring well-known models Agyness Deyn, Luke Worrall and Gabriel Aubry (see Appendix ?). Public Relations UT Cannes Lions Grand Prix 2010 Part of the Cannes Liones International Advertising Festival; Annual t-shirt design competition held by Uniqlo; The top 20 designs will be made into Uniqlo products, and the overall winner gets $10,000 (US); Semi-finalists announced November 2009, finalists announced February 2010. Uniqlo Jump Collection of photographs of Uniqlo employees from around the world (UK, USA, Japan, China and South Korea) mid-jump, and wearing Uniqlo clothing. Uniqlo Paper (Uniqlos online and in-store magazine) Articles in magazines/newspapers Sales Promotion Partnerships with specialised discount websites (www.vouchercodes.co.uk, www.hotukdeals.com); Since January 2008, Uniqlo has been involved in an affiliate programme with LinkShare which has resulted in a partnership between Uniqlo and Marie Claire magazine. The Japanese brand received editorial exposure on Marie Claires website, which featured ten exclusively discounted Uniqlo products (Revolution, 2009). Interactive Marketing Communications Uniqlock Online clock which can be set to any time zone; Features continuous rhythmic music, short clips of Japanese dancers wearing Uniqlo clothes every five seconds, and extended dance sequences every hour; Users can post a mini version of the clock to Facebook, Bebo, Myspace or their personal blog, or they can download it as a screensaver or as an iPhone/iPod Touch application. Uniqlo Calendar (similar idea to Uniqlock) Uniqlo Introduction Flash page attached to uniqlo.com; Gives a sense of Uniqlos brand identity and the range of clothing available. In short, Uniqlo currently has a wide and varied marketing communications mix, and a lot has been done below-the-line to engage the consumer. However, the communications are far from integrated: the advertising campaigns are all rather individual, could quite easily be for HM or Zara, and do not match the quirky, fun and distinctly Japanese character of many of the below-the-line communications. Competitor Analysis Competition within the clothing retail market is fierce, especially given the recent economic downturn, and Uniqlo has many well-established and similarly-positioned competitors to contend with. See Appendix C for a table comparing Uniqlos annual sales total with those of its competitors. According to this table, Uniqlos three most significant competitors are American clothing brand GAP, Spanish Zara and Swedish Hennes Mauritz (HM). Gap â€Å"Clean, classic, American designs† with mid-market stance (Mintel, 2009); Has lost its distinctiveness and sales are falling (Mintel, 2008). Zara â€Å"Fast-moving fashions at affordable prices, inspired by the catwalks† (Mintel, 2009). HM â€Å"Quality at the best price† (Mintel, 2008); â€Å"[S]omething for everyone from modern basics to cutting-edge fashion †¦ Although the UK customer base is heavily skewed to 15-24-year-olds (and women), it †¦ appeals across the socio-economic spectrum.† (Mintel, 2009); Number of high profile designer collaborations in the past, plus recent release of shoe collection from Jimmy Choo; â€Å"Very strong identity in face of competition from other young fashion brands and potential for expansion.† (Mintel, 2008). External Context Stakeholders See Appendix A for a diagram of Uniqlos main stakeholders. One of Uniqlos most significant stakeholders is their suppliers. All Uniqlo products are made in the Far East, mainly in China. Fast Retailing does not own any factories but works closely with the same manufacturers year after year, thus developing loyalty and ensuring its products are of the highest quality (The Independent, 2009). PEST Analysis Political Factors Globalisation has brought the UK and Japan closer together and, as a result, the two countries are increasingly acknowledging mutual interests and concerns (Embassy of Japan in the UK, 2000). Economic Factors After the recession, UK customers have become much more price-conscious. Customers are thus more likely to look for clothes of better value with greater longevity. Socio-Cultural Factors Japanese culture is very different to that of the UK, but elements of Japanese culture, particularly food, fashion and design, have already had a great impact in the West. It has been said that, in general, â€Å"Japan is increasingly the epicentre of cool with Tokyo its style capital† (Inside Retailing, 2009). Technological Factors E- and M-commerce are both growing rapidly, and the internet is becoming increasingly central in the worlds of business and marketing. Internal Context Organisational Identity Fast Retailing, the parent company of Uniqlo, strives for excellence and efficiency in all it does, and, above all, it always put the customer first. See Appendix B for the corporate statement, mission statement, values and principles which constitute the details of Fast Retailings organisational identity. Marketing Expertise After the store closures in 2003, Uniqlos Marketing Chief at the time, Dominic Chambers, lost his job. In 2006, the former Merchandising Director for Dorothy Perkins joined Uniqlo and Marketing Manager, Amy Howarth, as part of a new team (Marketing, 2007). SWOT Analysis The following SWOT analysis has been constructed in order to highlight and summarise the main issues within the Context Analysis. Strengths High quality clothing; Clothes are easy to mix and match; Sophisticated textile technology; Comprehensive online store; Japanese identity; Reasonable prices. Weaknesses Low brand awareness among target market in UK; Brand identity inconsistent and does not stand out against competitors; Uninspiring website design. Opportunities Popularity of Japanese culture; High growth of E-commerce and M-commerce. Threats Economic recession (consumers with less disposable income); Numerous strong competitors. Objectives Business Objectives Open more stores across UK; Before the store closures in 2003, Uniqlo (UK) had branches in the North West of England, the Midlands, Manchester, Liverpool and Coventry, and original plans had been to have 50 UK stores by 2004 (Times Online, 2003). Despite its increasing success, Uniqlo still only has 14 stores in the UK, and they are all located in or around London. In 2007, Chief Operating Officer Simon Coble stated, â€Å"We would like to be trading in all the major towns and cities in UK† (Marketing, 2007). Of course it would not be wise to try and open too many new stores too quickly as this approach failed the first time around, so a realistic target might be to have one or two new stores open in 2011, perhaps in Leeds and Glasgow. Increase UK online stores sales volumes; Currently the Uniqlo website is the only access Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and most of England have to the brands wares. Therefore, until more stores are opened across the UK, the online store is vital. A 20% increase in online sales by 2011 would be a realistic target. Increase market share. Because the market is saturated, this will involve taking market share from competitors. A realistic target would be a 1.5% market share by 2011. The reason this percentage is so low is because Uniqlo does not even appear in Mintels table of estimated market shares of leading retailers in womenswear from 2002 to 2007. Further, this table shows that Uniqlos strongest competitor, HM, only had a 1.2% share of the womenswear retailing market in 2007 (Mintel, 2008). Communication Objectives Increase consumer awareness and engagement among target audience across UK; The brand is currently relatively unknown beyond London. In terms of the DRIP Model, this objective fits with the key task of informing the consumer. Of course, awareness is not enough on its own: the consumer needs to be engaged. Uniqlo already engage their consumers through such means as Uniqlock, but engagement efforts need to be furthered as awareness increases. Differentiate from competitors through development of distinctive brand identity. Analysts concluded that Uniqlos initial losses after coming to the UK were due to the brand â€Å"fail[ing] to offer clothes that were sufficiently distinctive from rivals such as Gap, Zara, HM and the recently revitalised Marks Spencer† (Times Online, 2003). In terms of the DRIP Model, this objective fits with the key task of differentiating in the mind of the consumer. Marketing Communications Strategy Segmentation Targeting Look to Appendix E for a table of possible market segments for Uniqlo to target. This IMC campaign will use Segment 2 as its primary target. Because Positioning Positioning Strategy This IMC campaign will be based on a pull-positioning strategy, as objectives are to increase awareness and encourage involvement, and messages are to be directly targeted at end-user customers. A consumer-driven campaign fits with the value Fast Retailing places on approaching issues from the customers perspective. Key Message The key message will be that Uniqlo provides the consumer with fashionable but simple clothing which is easy to mix and match and therefore allows each customer to create their own unique look. Uniqlo does not simply reproduce catwalk trends which result in everyone wearing the same thing: Uniqlo encourages individuality. The brand already promotes a similar idea on their rather isolated online introduction, which can only really be stumbled upon as it is not linked directly from the main website. It states: â€Å"Were not a brand that dictates a total lifestyle. To us, clothes are items the individual chooses to express a personal lifestyle† (UNIQLO INTRODUCTION). The aim of this campaign is therefore to make more of a feature of this message, and make it consistent across the rest of their marketing communications. It will be called the YOUniqlo campaign. Communications Mix The tag-line which will appear throughout our campaign is Uniqlo. Mix it up. It is concise, funky, and vague enough to apply to all our communications tools. It conveys the idea of doing things differently and, more specifically, relates to the fact Uniqlos clothing is easy to mix and match. Advertising Advertising will significantly contribute to a rise in brand awareness and the development of a more definite and unique brand identity. It should also drive further business to the online store from across the UK as well as to the actual shops in and around London, and ultimately increase Uniqlos market share. It is important to remember, however, that our target audience is advertising and marketing literate and will not be patronised by clichà ©s and blatant selling techniques. The YOUniqlo campaign must avoid the overt, and instead offer quirky and entertaining ads which engage the consumer and, furthermore, project a consistent brand identity. Print: Magazines Magazine advertisements are good for creating impact and demanding readers attention. Further, the sheer quantity of different genres and titles means it is easy to target a specific audience (Fill, 2009: 715). Judging by primary research, the chosen target market segment tend to read magazines such as Vogue, Cosmopolitan and Elle (). Particularly since these magazines contain extensive style advice, it would be wise to put print advertisements in them. The YOUniqlo print campaign will use unknown, friendly-looking models who will be much more relatable than the likes of Agyness Deyn. This should bring the brand and the consumer closer together. The adverts will illustrate the mix it up message through featuring one model superimposed three times in the same image. Each version of the model will be in a different pose and wearing a contrasting outfit. The outfits will all look very different but there will be some overlap in individual items, thus demonstrating the mix and match aspect. Appendix ? shows a mock-up of the womenswear ad, though the real ad would be portrait rather than landscape and have a plain white background. There will also be a version for menswear. Outdoor: Transit Shelter Poster The age group being targeted by the YOUniqlo campaign, in particular the students living in and around city centres, are unlikely to have cars. Therefore, advertising at bus stops would be a good idea. Ten classic, relatively unisex Uniqlo items will be selected to make a series of transit shelter posters, with one item being used on each. They will each be nicely photographed front-on and look as though they are being worn, and will be shown life-size on a transparent background, positioned to match where they would sit on an average-sized person. Some interesting and amusing accessories will also be shown in order to create humour appeal. See Appendix ? for mock-ups of the posters. Involvement will then occur as people can pose behind the poster and have it look as though they are wearing the items featured. Since only one Uniqlo item will be shown on each poster, individuals will all look different as the items mix with their own outfits. This therefore expresses the mix it up message. Bus stops on central streets and around university campuses in major cities will be ideal locations for reaching the target audience and attracting attention. Interactive Marketing Communications Website As acknowledged in the SWOT analysis, one of Uniqlos strengths is their comprehensive online store. It is a great functional tool with easy navigation and simple checkout process. However, it currently gives no sense of brand identity, with the main page launching straight into new releases and current offers. Earlier this year Uniqlo collaborated with 4Ps Marketing, a search engine marketing agency, and through customised Search Engine Optimisation and Pay Per Click campaigns Uniqlos only revenue has since increased by 30.76% (4Ps Marketing, 2009). It therefore seems wise to mould and expand the website into a demonstration of the brand as well as its actual clothing. This would add greater interest and individuality to the site, thus helping to differentiate the brand in the mind of the consumer. It would further engage the consumer, and ultimately help fulfil the business objective of increasing online sales volumes. As stated by Terence A. Shimp, websites â€Å"can be considered the centrepiece of companies online advertising efforts† (Shimp, 2007: 443). The general feel of the website should match that of the physical stores, which have a very streamlined look and give a firm but not clichà ©d sense of Uniqlos Japanese identity (see Appendix ?). There should also be the option of signing up to a members section, which will add users to a mailing list and give them access to extra features and exclusive deals. Sponsored Facebook Group Many retailers around the world already use sponsored Facebook groups as a way of directly marketing towards Generation Y, a new type of consumers highly influenced by the internet. Such online groups give marketers the ability to target a particular audience by using a ‘member list to message people and inform them about new collections or events. As part of the YOUniqlo campaign, the sponsored Facebook group will operate in line with the PR activities, and messaging can be tailored depending on the location of the user in relation to that of the event. Consumers can also become more involved through use of the discussion board. Public Relations Organisation of a large-scale PR event would greatly help fulfil the brand awareness and engagement objective. It would not only grab the target audiences attention, but also that of the media, thus generating further publicity for the brand. The YOUniqlo event will revolve around a nation-wide art competition, called Uniqlo Masterpiece appropriate as Uniqlo clothing appeals to artistic, creative people. Consumers will be attracted to a Competition section of the re-launched website, where they can use a Flash application to create their own artwork using small graphics of Uniqlo clothing items in a wide variety of colours (see Figure 1). This will emphasise Uniqlos wide range of items and colours, and it fits with the Mix it up concept as it encourages users to mix Uniqlo clothes to create something truly unique. Entrants must be: Aged 18-25; UK residents; Signed up as member of the Uniqlo website. After the competition closes, twenty semi-finalists from across the UK will be chosen by Uniqlo. Website members will then be able to vote for their favourite from the final twenty, thus creating further involvement and engagement. After the vote closes, five finalists will be revealed and invited down to London for the main event (travel expenses paid), where they will create a real version of their artwork using Uniqlo clothes on one of five big white canvases. The event will take place in the courtyard in front of Somerset House (see Appendix), and big screens will be present to show how the artworks look from above. Each finalist can compete as part of a group of up to four people. The event will have a DJ, be hosted by a local celebrity, and have a judging panel present to decide the winner at the end of the afternoon. PRIZES? + Donation of clothes to Oxfam? which adds CSR into the mix. Scheduling and Implementation Table 1: Media schedule for 2010 YOUniqlo campaign Taking the workings of the fashion industry into consideration, the print and outdoor campaigns will run in accordance with the release of new ranges at the beginning of each season. Pre-Event 01/02/10 Re-launch of Uniqlo website together with opening of Uniqlo Masterpiece competition. 01/02 31/03/10 Online entry using Flash application. 07/04 30/04/10 Online public vote from list of 20 semi-finalists. 07/05/10 Top 5 announced. Event 05/06/10 Final event in London. Table 2: Timetable for Uniqlo Masterpiece competition The competition has been timed so that the main event lands comfortably on Saturday 5th June. Nice weather is important for an outdoor event, and most students will have finished their exams by then. Publicity for competition on website and through sponsored Facebook group. + Use Bluetooth on day of event to attract passers by. Resources The proper execution of the YOUniqlo campaign relies on Uniqlos resources. This resource has evolved to become a strategic function that perceives the association between talented people and the success of an organization. Uniqlo needs to have the strength of extensive man power to establish a successful marketing campaign. The human resource involved in the campaign includes the professional team which comes up with innovative print ads, the efficient PR team which has the ability to host an event by capturing the audiences attention and a tech savvy team which creates breakthrough in internet advertising. The proper execution of a campaign depends on the financial resources available to support it. Uniqlo‘s most recent annual report available (2006) depicts that it has sufficient funds to carry out an extensive media campaign. The costs involved in conducting a campaign include the venue hiring costs, the cost of publishing print ads in magazines and the cost of publicizing the event through various websites. Uniqlo must treat this expenditure of conducting a campaign as an investment to create awareness about their brand and its uniqueness. Justify cost of PR event + prizes by fact that theyve already paid for supermodel Agyness Deyn + various celebs at Uniqlo flagship store opening. Evaluation, Control Feedback Precisely, several post-testing tools will be applied (tracking studies and likeability test) to create reliable and validated feedback (Fill, 2009). Deciding on the scope of the evaluation, it is logical to refer back to the communication objectives and assess to what extent they were achieved. Tracking studies will give the company a good view of communication campaign impact on brand awareness in the targeted regions of the UK. Interviewing a large number of people in these areas on a regular basis will also provide significant data on how their attitude and perception of Uniqlo has being influenced by all marketing efforts of the company. The awareness of the Uniqlo.co.uk will be easier to track by the number of hits from UK users. However, awareness on its own is not so important for the brand performance, unless level of engagement is also high. Youniqlo campaign was designed to create customer engagement with the brand and likeability analysis will aim to assess its success. The method will examine the level of entertainment/enjoyment people received from, for example, PR event or bus stop advertisements. A good showing here will also be the number of pictures uploaded to the company website. The likeability analysis will also demonstrate how well company has managed to differentiate itself from the competitors in consumers minds. QUALITATIVE. Recall tests. Conclusion Corporate Statement Changing clothes. Changing conventional wisdom. Change the world. Group Mission To create truly great clothing with new and unique value, and to enable people all over the world to experience the joy, happiness and satisfaction of wearing such great clothes; To enrich peoples lives through our unique corporate activities, and seek to grow and develop our company in unity with society. Values Approaching issues from the customer perspective; Embracing innovation and challenge; Respecting and supporting individuals to foster both corporate and personal growth; Committing to ethical standards and correctness. Principles Do everything possible for our customers; Pursue excellence and aim for the highest possible level of achievement; Achieve strong results through the promotion of diversity and teamwork; Move speedily and decisively in everything we do; Conduct business in a very real way based on the current marketplace, products and facts; Act as global citizens with ethics and integrity. (Fast Retailing, 2008) Appendix C: Uniqlos Advertising Spend, 2006-7 Total Spend Cinema Direct mail Internet Outdoor Press Radio TV  £m % % % % % % % 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 25.3 74.5 0.2 0.0 Uniqlos total advertising spend and media used, year to end May 2007. Source: Nielsen Media Research/Mintel (Mintel, 2007). Appendix D: Total Annual Sales of Uniqlo and Its Competitors Company Name (Flagship Brand) Country Fiscal Year End Sales ( ¥ Billions) GAP USA Jan. 2008 1723.7 INDITEX (ZARA) Spain Jan. 2008 1517.5 HM Sweden Nov. 2007 1342.1 Limited Brands USA Jan. 2008 1108.2 NEXT UK Jan. 2008 666.2

The Unwritten History of Cave Paintings Essay -- Art History

Religious stories and scientific theories have tried for thousands of years to accurately date the formation of man. However, in the 1860s, a new art was discovered that changed the view of human creation forever. This new insight was cave painting. Cave painting is a form of prehistoric art that dates back hundreds of thousands of years. Analysts are unable to specify the reasoning behind these paintings of objects on cave walls, but many theories have been formulated to surmise the rational behind the art. Questions arise like, â€Å"why did man find a need to paint the walls of caves† and is this part of the foundation of the origin of human life as we know it? (Beacon) The ecumenical belief is rooted at history, cave paintings are man’s unwritten story of evolution. In the Upper Paleolithic period, from 40000 B.C. to 10000 B.C., paintings were created in over 300 caves across the globe. â€Å"There are two types of cave art: petroglyphs, which are pictures carved in stone and pictographs, which are pictures painted on stone† (Cave Painting). The art is usually found in hidden caves that are difficult to locate. For this reason, scientists have taken great interest in discovering why man wished to go to such extremes to produce the artistry. The graphics include mainly animals, geometric figures, and signs but rarely depict any relevance to humans. The visual communication gives valuable clues to the culture and beliefs of that era. The degree of preciseness of the images, being at such a high level, suggests that the art was not merely decorations that covered the bare surfaces of the caves, but were created for purpose. â€Å"The tonal qualities, and the ingenious use of surfaces in the rock, suggest depth and even a kin... ... However which way you interpret it, it still provides us with one thing: history. It has taught us the lives of our ancestry and the society in which they survived. The evolution from that era to today is astonishing. We see it simply in the development from our society daily. Their ideas combined with that overtime have created a new perspective for us about our own history. And before we can learn the history of other things, we must learn about ourselves first. Even through interpretation, we learned immensely from the simple paintings and carvings on a cave wall. It will continue to teach us generation after generation. But in the end, the controversies shouldn’t arise from the ambiguous paintings. If interpretation is all we have to go by, then that is what we do. And isn’t that what all history is? An interpretation of facts versus opinion.

A Report on Conversation Analysis Techniques

Conversation analysis, usually abridged as CA, is a general method to the review of dialogues. It is the evaluation of the discourse in communication in almost all aspects of discussions on a daily basis. In all of these, we can say that â€Å"talk makes things happen†. The CA commonly tries to depict the organization of composition and chronological arrangement of interaction. As we can notice in the transcription, it can be taken into account as a naturalized transcription, where statements are recorded in as much feature as viable, most frequently observed in conversation analysis investigation.In trying to understand this particular transcription, it is a fundamental approach of CA that the action, which the partakers articulates, will depend not only on its verbal communication manner, but also on its position in the series, on the framework, on the distinctiveness of the presenter, and many others. Recently, the CA techniques of sequential examination have been in work b y phoneticians to delve into the good phonetic aspect of speech. Some of the basic techniques and methods are the following: Turn-taking Organization This is a technique wherein a talk is made in and via turns.Turn-taking is a means by which interrelating people apportion the privilege or responsibility to take part in the diversion of an exchange of ideas. In accordance with CA, the turn-taking scheme is made up of two mechanisms which are the turn constructional component and the turn allocation component. These techniques for dialogues were recognized inductively during pragmatic study of copies of demonstrations where discourse members chat one by one. This can be observed in the quoted part of transcription in which the people conversing take their turns alternately.â€Å"1. R: Hello Julia! How are you? Long time no see. 2. J: Yeah! Hi! How are you Richard? 3. R: I am good. I am good. I've been away for a few weeks. I have been with my father at work† The turn constructi onal component illustrates principal elements which achieve identifiable common dealings. It can be remarked that not every factor types may exist in all languages. Besides, it is likely that there are parts in other vernaculars, such as units in Asian speech that may not be present in English, French, and many other languages.This may be identified by an alteration in the tone or loudness of the expression, the last part of a syntactic element of speech, a brief stillness or stop, or a few variety of body movement. Changeover linking the participants typically takes place at such a situation. However, this component is not applied in the transition since the two chatting participants have a common set of language. While the turn allocation component expresses how chances to speak are shared by the presenters in a discussion. This can be used by directing, referring to a name, applying eye contact, etc.; and is evident in the transcription since Julia addresses Richard through using his name. Sequence Organization This affects how events are arranged in discussion. This comprises adjacency pairs and pre-sequences. Adjacency pairs are described with chats that are inclined to come about in reactive pairs; though, they may be divided over a succession of turns. Participants talk about a switch over of views and compliments because a lot of spoken deeds entitle a specific sort of vocal reaction as an immediate reply.Other dealings appeal for a dissimilar kind of accomplishment such as requests with approvals or refusals. Pre-sequences, on the other hand, employ chains of conversation prior to resolute chat. They arise when certain initial act is taken ahead of starting the primary element of an adjacency pair. Prior to uttering a demand, for example, it regularly creates meaning to make sure whether the other character has the thing one desires. In the transcription, a question-answer pair can be cited which sets up a request-approval.â€Å"52. R: Ok I will have to come down and visit you then = 53. J: = Of course! =† Preference organization This technique coincides with the sequence organization technique since it also involves preferences for a number of act categories in the channel of communication over other dealings. The modes in which the two classes of collective actions are fulfilled successively are referred to as preferred and dispreferred. The idea of predilection of communicators induces their understanding of spoken acts.A hush in response to an appeal, as an example, may be taken as substantiation of a possible imminent unfavored answer or a disclaimer. However, this technique is not applied in the transcription since there is no request that was approved or rejected. Alignment For a discourse to flow easily and efficiently, the orderliness of exchanges must be directed well and must follow a particular trajectory. The reaction to a remark normally offers a form of explanation of the previous statement and so signifies the alignment.Appraisals such as â€Å"That’s good†, inscriptions such as â€Å"Oh, wow! †, formulations like providing the general idea of what has been said, and two-way final points of the presenter’s statements, all supply confirmations of how the dialogue of the conversing persons is being comprehended. Repairs are used to mend a failure of discussion and reinstate alignment. Failures can be misinterpretations like â€Å"What did you say? â€Å"; â€Å"What do you mean? † as well as discords like â€Å"I think you’re wrong†, denunciation such as â€Å"No, I won’t† and other complexity.Revisions may occur when the speaker can anticipate that trouble is likely and reformulates talk accordingly. Alignment is especially important at the openings and closings of conversation. â€Å"13. R: I am so glad i am not having any busy= 15. J: =Ohhh†¦. hehehe†¦. I do not think so†¦. I hate exams (laughs)† Response Tokens Like spontaneous verbal communication, there are other units of language that, while not fairly terms, are nonetheless type of speech. Yet in this case, they are on purpose. Among the more ordinary of these are Hm, Ok, Ah, Yeah,Um, Uh, and Uh huh or Nuh uh.Words such as Ok, or Uh huh are utilized to document conformity with the presenter. Acknowledgements in another view, such as Mm and Yeah, express concurrence or awareness between the conversing persons like in this quote from the transcription â€Å"140. R: Yeah, I understand enough 141. J: Ah, Ok. † And another is a repair, such as Huh, that ask the presenter to repeat or to put in another way a thought or an inquiry. In several state of affairs, tokens function to tote up more facet and feeling to what the presenter is aiming to convey. Speech actsIn using this method, words do not basically subsist; but are brought into play to carry out points. Forming a claim is plainly one idea that can be undertaken by speech. A wide-ranging assumption of sense must be founded on the knowledge of these meanings and their circumstances of practice. This speech acts become more and more helpful in substance detection and classification of contribution of dialogues through verbal communication and content they are composed of five groups namely the commissives, directives, assertives, expressives, and declarations.Commisives are used to entrust the presenter to different strategies such as a assurance like â€Å"I will not impart to anyone what you have just found out†, proposal like â€Å"91. J: eh (. ) Could you say that again? † or hand over a guarantee such as in the transcript â€Å"19. J: †¦ but when I finish I will go out. † Directives, conversely, try to make the addressee get something done such as a demand like â€Å"Please tell me more†, an instruction like â€Å"Tell me about that†, a suggestion like â€Å"122. R: I suggest you to go to the Nort h, it is very beautiful†, a permission like â€Å"You can share that if you wish.†, and a query like in the transcription â€Å"50. R: Will you be with your family in the south? †.On the contrary, assertives try to show the addresser’s principle of the firm subject matter of the statement such as stating and describing like â€Å"97. J: But I want to look for a job but not in Spain, in another country to improve my skills†, predicting like â€Å"It will surely rain tomorrow†, and speculating like â€Å"I wonder whether it will rain tomorrow† as referred to in the transcription. Next are expressives which try to put across the addresser’s mental state such as a compliment like â€Å"268.R: Oh perfect!†¦ †, an apology like â€Å"228. J: Ah! Sorry sorry on Saturday†, a welcome like â€Å"215. R: It's nice to see you again†, gratitude like â€Å"Thanks very much! â€Å", and greetings like â€Å"245. M: Hello Richard Hello Julia†¦Ã¢â‚¬  as recorded. And lastly are declarations which are executed by an aptly authoritative addresser such as dismissing like â€Å"You are now fired! †, settling on like â€Å"You are liable on this from this day forward† and condemning like â€Å"I sentence you to six years in prison†; although these declarations are not present in the transcription. PragmaticsIn linguistics and semiotics, this is involved in connecting the descriptive difference between sentence gist and the presenter’s denotation. The analysis of how the milieu affects the version is in this case imperative. In this setting, the perspective stands for any feature as linguistic, factual, or personal that influences the real construal of symbols and terminologies. Pragmatics is concerned for the most part in utterances, typically in the structure of discussions, and a peculiarity is incorporated in it between sentence meaning and presenters’ way of articulating their thoughts and feelings.Additionally, it is considered as one of the most thought-provoking facets for communication novices to be able to ascertain and gain knowledge of, but it is believed that one can only actually master it with acquiring knowledge with experience. Sentence meaning is the verbatim sense of the sentence, while the speaker gist is the bits and pieces of details or facts that the presenters are making an effort to convey. In the transcription, the speakers made use of a readily understandable language, with the use of direct words and statements, and without having any symbolisms or codes.But there are some kinds of omissions or shortcuts of the speakers’ sentences and some repetition of statements for emphasis. But in spite of those things, both presenters have the aptitude to comprehend what the addresser means to say. Overlaps This method expresses findings of coinciding and intersecting views, with beginning and end of overlapping rem arks. The addressee eventually gets the main idea conveyed by the initial speaker right away, even if the speaker is not able to finish or complete his or her sentence, so overlapping of statements occurs.This can be seen in this quote from the transcription. â€Å"52. R: Ok I will have to come down and visit you then = 53. J: = Of course! =† In this case, the benefit of this columnar format over the more ordinary type of transcription is that it illustrates how communicational symmetries or asymmetries are present between conversational participants. As a conclusion, we can deduce that transcription is indeed an influential act of representation. This account can impinge on how the information is conceptualized.The transcription procedure must be integrated more thoroughly into qualitative study frameworks and techniques. Phases of contemplation at fundamental patterns and performance details of dialogues may generate an important training and implementation in marking of bo th the course of action of study and partakers’ speech a distinction. The goal of translating examiners is to figure out and communicate the manner by which the members appreciate their dealings that brings into being the occurrence of social actuality.Complementary to other philosophies, the conversation analysis techniques which are applied to the transcription barely appraise natural discourse. The investigation upholds that it is feasible to interpret a talk based on the record alone. Even if we had been taking notes while it was happening, we can't be sure we'd got things down accurately, and we'd probably have missed quite a lot. And if we hadn't been taking notes, then relying on later recall is doubly risky. We'd be battling against the everyday mistakes of memory as well.

Vinegar as Alternative Battery

Vinegar as Alternative Battery An Investigatory Project Presented to The Faculty of the High School Department Surigao Education Center Km. 2, Surigao City _______________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Physics IV _______________________________________________ By: Edradan, Dhaniel Jefferson Yaun, Mary Allyssa Concon, Leonel Galos, Jancirfil Jimena, Rimar Villarojo, Kerr March 2013 APPROVAL SHEET Vinegar as Alternative BatteryPrepared & Submitted by MARY ALLYSSA YAUN, DHANIEL JEFFERSON EDRADAN, LEONEL CONCON, JANCIRFIL GALOS, RIMAR JIMENA, KERR VILLAROJO has been examined and is recommended for approval and acceptance for ORAL EXAMINATION. GIOVANNI P. DOSANO Adviser ————————————————- PANEL OF EXAMINERS APPROVED by the committee on ORAL EXAMINATION with the grade of__ on February 2013. ZALDY P. BELOY, Ph. D _______________ _____ _________ Member Member ___________________Member ACCEPTANCE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for SCIENCE IV Acknowledgement There are a lot of people the researchers would wish to thank for their generous and unselfish help in realization of this study. First and foremost, Almighty God for giving the researchers the patience and perseverance to tackle the study; To their parents who gave them their full support, financially and morally. To Sir Giovanni Dosano, who became the researchers great and dearly research paper adviser who patiently helped and encourage them finish the study.The researchers salute for the continuous help and guidance. And most especially, Sir Zaldy P. Beloy, Ph. D. for helping the researchers to understand revise and emphasize the importance of the study. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Pagei Approval Sheetii Acknowledgementiii Abstractiv Table of Contentsvi CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction4 Review and Related literatur e5 Statement of the Problem5 Significance of the Study5 Scope of Limitations5 Definition of Terms7-8 CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY Research Design9 Materials9 General Procedure9-10 Observation10Flow Chart of Methodology11 CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS CHAPTER IV: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION Summary13 Findings13 Conclusion13 Recommendation13 References14 APPENDICES15 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction We all know that the world is now facing an energy crisis and everyone is trying to do something about that. Now you can show everyone that electrical energy or electricity can be made from air and vinegar. After all, vinegar are freely available everywhere. Battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy.It consists of a number of voltaic cells; each voltaic cell consists of two  half-cellsconnected in series by a conductive electrolyte containing anions and cations. One half-cell includes electrolyte and the electrode to which  anions  (negatively charged ions) migrate, i. e. , the  anode  or negative electrode; the other half-cell includes electrolyte and the electrode to which  cations  (positively charged ions) migrate, i. e. , the cathode  or po sitive electrode. In the  redox  reaction that powers the battery, cations are reduced (electrons are added) at the cathode, while anions are oxidized (electrons are removed) at the anode.The electrodes do not touch each other but are electrically connected by the  electrolyte. Some cells use two half-cells with different electrolytes. A separator between half-cells allows ions to flow, but prevents mixing of the electrolytes. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid and water. Acids donate H+ ions into a solution. The concentration of these ions is what determines whether a solution is a strong electrolyte (conductor) or a weak one. Since vinegar has a low concentration of acetic acid(about 5%) it only has a pH of only ~2. 4 and so is a weak acid.Review of Related Literature According to Doctor Sergey stated that vinegar have lots of electronic magnet cells that can because electricity will small megabytes. During the experimentation, the researchers found out that 4 pieces of calamodins are enough to light a certain bulb. It is also found out that a coin which is hot copper and copper wires are not the appropriate materials in making the experiment. Instead of the materials mentioned used the copper coin and alligator wire. The galvanized nail also matter in lightning the bulb. Use the 1. inches galvanized nail to balanced the flow of the current. Statement of the Problem The researchers aimed to answer the following: 1. How much amount of vinegar that can make the light emitting diode bulb light? 2. Can vinegar bean alternative battery? Significance of the Study This activity is done by the researcher with an important purpose. This activity is launched solely for the Fourth Year High school students of Surigao Education Center. Scope and Limitations This study focused only on commercial vinegar as an alternative source of energy. Definition of Terms Battery – a device consisting of one or more  electrochemical cells  that convert stored chemical  energy  into electrical energy. * Vinegar – a liquid substance consisting mainly of  acetic acid  (CH3CO2H) and  water, the acetic acid being produced through the  fermentation  of  ethanol by  acetic acid bacteria. * Electricity – is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of  electric charge. * Acids – is a substance which reacts with a  base * Electric Source – a  physical property  of  matter  that causes it to experience a  force  when near other electrically charged matter. Cat ion – the ion in an electrolyzed solution that migrates to the cathode;  broadly  :  a positively charged ion * Anion – the ion in an electrolyzed solution that migrates to the anode;  broadly  :  a negatively charged ion | | * Anode – the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidation occurs: as * Cathode –   the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs: * Current – a flow of electricity * Voltage – electric potential or potential difference expressed in  volts * Galvanized Nail – Galvanized  nails are a special type of  nail  used in construction.They have undergone a special galvanization  process, which involves covering them with a  zinc  coating in order to form a protective barrier. This barrier also works as a  sacrificial anode, which means the coating will dissolve before the metal inside does, if the barrier itself becomes damaged. * Copper Wire – Copper  has been used in  electric wiring  since the invention of the  electromagnet  and the  telegraph  in the 1820s. The invention of the  telep hone  in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor. CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY Research DesignThe descriptive and experimental design was used in this study. Materials/Equipment * Vinegar (Commercial) * 1 meter Alligator Wires * 1. 5 inch Galvanized Nails * 1. 5 inch Copper wires * Tape * 2 Cups * Led bulb General Procedure A. Preparation on Materials 1. Prepare and check all the materials needed B. Set up the prepared materials 1. Share first the vinegar in packs 2. Fill the cups with vinegar 3. Then place a type at the top of the cups then put two different holes C. Connecting the wires 1. Attach the galvanized nail and copper wires both side. Do not allow the copper wire and galvanized nail touch each other. . Attach the alligator wire to the copper wires and galvanized nails 3. Attach the alligator clip to the bulb and it will light up. C1. Observation C2. Collection of Data C3. Tabulation C4. Evaluation C5. Conclusion Flow Chart of Methodology Conclus ion Tabulation Collection of Data Evaluation Observation Experimentation Setting up the Prepare Materials Preparation CHAPTER III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table. 1 TRIAL| AMOUNT OF VINEGAR| OBSERVATION| 1| 200 ml| The led bulb haven’t produced light| 2| 400 ml| The led bulb still haven’t produced light| 3| 800 ml| The led bulb produced little light| | 1000 ml| The led bulb produced great light| Based on the table above, the researchers first prepared in trial with the amount of vinegar 200ml but it does not make the led bulb light. On the second trial, they prepared 400ml but again it does not work. By the third trial, with the amount of 800ml of vinegar, it only produced a little amount of light on the led bulb. On their last trial, they tried to use more vinegar with the amount of 1000ml, and then it already made the led bulb produced great light. CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONSIn this chapter the researchers will be giving the summary of th e findings of their study. The conclusions on the different problems that arose and to the recommendations on the kinds of improvement their readers can do in the near future. Summary With the use of vinegar it is proven effective when the copper wire and galvanized nail is inserted in it. Based on the observation of the researchers through experimentation it was proven that Vinegar can be an alternative battery and can be a good source of electricity and further justified based on the result of the study.Findings Based on the experiment conducted, the following were the findings of the study: 1. With the amount of 1000ml of vinegar, it can make the led bulb light with the use also of galvanized nail and copper wire 2. Vinegar contains small amounts of acetic acid that can make the led bulb light Conclusions Based on the findings the researchers have conducted, the researchers therefore conclude that vinegar can be an alternative battery and a good example of producing light.With th e galvanized nail and copper wire as the negative and positive the two components shouldn’t be attach with other with the flow of electricity there should only be one direction Recommendations The experiment is easy, you can spend lesser. This is recommended to all the people. By this study, a lot of people can get and get idea how to save money, and energy at home. Someday, vinegar will be a source of electricity. The researchers also recommend this to the following: * Students – this can help them to be their guide anf for them to try something new and develop their skills in investigatory. Teachers – to take this as an example to the students for them to encourage themselves to discover other kinds of alternative battery. The researchers recommend two title of further studies: 1. â€Å"Animal Urine as Alternative battery† 2. â€Å"Vinegar as a battery for Calculator† REFERENCES http://tag. wonderhowto. com/vinegar-battery/ http://hilaroad. com/c amp/projects/lemon/vinegar_battery. html http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=pq9NuvdLZaU&feature=gv http://www. termpaperwarehouse. com/search_results. php? query=vinegar+alternative+battery+ APPENDICES Vinegar as Alternative Battery Vinegar as Alternative Battery An Investigatory Project Presented to The Faculty of the High School Department Surigao Education Center Km. 2, Surigao City _______________________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Physics IV _______________________________________________ By: Edradan, Dhaniel Jefferson Yaun, Mary Allyssa Concon, Leonel Galos, Jancirfil Jimena, Rimar Villarojo, Kerr March 2013 APPROVAL SHEET Vinegar as Alternative BatteryPrepared & Submitted by MARY ALLYSSA YAUN, DHANIEL JEFFERSON EDRADAN, LEONEL CONCON, JANCIRFIL GALOS, RIMAR JIMENA, KERR VILLAROJO has been examined and is recommended for approval and acceptance for ORAL EXAMINATION. GIOVANNI P. DOSANO Adviser ————————————————- PANEL OF EXAMINERS APPROVED by the committee on ORAL EXAMINATION with the grade of__ on February 2013. ZALDY P. BELOY, Ph. D _______________ _____ _________ Member Member ___________________Member ACCEPTANCE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for SCIENCE IV Acknowledgement There are a lot of people the researchers would wish to thank for their generous and unselfish help in realization of this study. First and foremost, Almighty God for giving the researchers the patience and perseverance to tackle the study; To their parents who gave them their full support, financially and morally. To Sir Giovanni Dosano, who became the researchers great and dearly research paper adviser who patiently helped and encourage them finish the study.The researchers salute for the continuous help and guidance. And most especially, Sir Zaldy P. Beloy, Ph. D. for helping the researchers to understand revise and emphasize the importance of the study. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Pagei Approval Sheetii Acknowledgementiii Abstractiv Table of Contentsvi CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction4 Review and Related literatur e5 Statement of the Problem5 Significance of the Study5 Scope of Limitations5 Definition of Terms7-8 CHAPTER II: METHODOLOGY Research Design9 Materials9 General Procedure9-10 Observation10Flow Chart of Methodology11 CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND ANALYSIS CHAPTER IV: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION Summary13 Findings13 Conclusion13 Recommendation13 References14 APPENDICES15 CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction We all know that the world is now facing an energy crisis and everyone is trying to do something about that. Now you can show everyone that electrical energy or electricity can be made from air and vinegar. After all, vinegar are freely available everywhere. Battery is a device that converts chemical energy directly to electrical energy.It consists of a number of voltaic cells; each voltaic cell consists of two  half-cellsconnected in series by a conductive electrolyte containing anions and cations. One half-cell includes electrolyte and the electrode to which  anions  (negatively charged ions) migrate, i. e. , the  anode  or negative electrode; the other half-cell includes electrolyte and the electrode to which  cations  (positively charged ions) migrate, i. e. , the cathode  or po sitive electrode. In the  redox  reaction that powers the battery, cations are reduced (electrons are added) at the cathode, while anions are oxidized (electrons are removed) at the anode.The electrodes do not touch each other but are electrically connected by the  electrolyte. Some cells use two half-cells with different electrolytes. A separator between half-cells allows ions to flow, but prevents mixing of the electrolytes. Vinegar is a solution of acetic acid and water. Acids donate H+ ions into a solution. The concentration of these ions is what determines whether a solution is a strong electrolyte (conductor) or a weak one. Since vinegar has a low concentration of acetic acid(about 5%) it only has a pH of only ~2. 4 and so is a weak acid.Review of Related Literature According to Doctor Sergey stated that vinegar have lots of electronic magnet cells that can because electricity will small megabytes. During the experimentation, the researchers found out that 4 pieces of calamodins are enough to light a certain bulb. It is also found out that a coin which is hot copper and copper wires are not the appropriate materials in making the experiment. Instead of the materials mentioned used the copper coin and alligator wire. The galvanized nail also matter in lightning the bulb. Use the 1. inches galvanized nail to balanced the flow of the current. Statement of the Problem The researchers aimed to answer the following: 1. How much amount of vinegar that can make the light emitting diode bulb light? 2. Can vinegar bean alternative battery? Significance of the Study This activity is done by the researcher with an important purpose. This activity is launched solely for the Fourth Year High school students of Surigao Education Center. Scope and Limitations This study focused only on commercial vinegar as an alternative source of energy. Definition of Terms Battery – a device consisting of one or more  electrochemical cells  that convert stored chemical  energy  into electrical energy. * Vinegar – a liquid substance consisting mainly of  acetic acid  (CH3CO2H) and  water, the acetic acid being produced through the  fermentation  of  ethanol by  acetic acid bacteria. * Electricity – is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and flow of  electric charge. * Acids – is a substance which reacts with a  base * Electric Source – a  physical property  of  matter  that causes it to experience a  force  when near other electrically charged matter. Cat ion – the ion in an electrolyzed solution that migrates to the cathode;  broadly  :  a positively charged ion * Anion – the ion in an electrolyzed solution that migrates to the anode;  broadly  :  a negatively charged ion | | * Anode – the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which oxidation occurs: as * Cathode –   the electrode of an electrochemical cell at which reduction occurs: * Current – a flow of electricity * Voltage – electric potential or potential difference expressed in  volts * Galvanized Nail – Galvanized  nails are a special type of  nail  used in construction.They have undergone a special galvanization  process, which involves covering them with a  zinc  coating in order to form a protective barrier. This barrier also works as a  sacrificial anode, which means the coating will dissolve before the metal inside does, if the barrier itself becomes damaged. * Copper Wire – Copper  has been used in  electric wiring  since the invention of the  electromagnet  and the  telegraph  in the 1820s. The invention of the  telep hone  in 1876 created further demand for copper wire as an electrical conductor. CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY Research DesignThe descriptive and experimental design was used in this study. Materials/Equipment * Vinegar (Commercial) * 1 meter Alligator Wires * 1. 5 inch Galvanized Nails * 1. 5 inch Copper wires * Tape * 2 Cups * Led bulb General Procedure A. Preparation on Materials 1. Prepare and check all the materials needed B. Set up the prepared materials 1. Share first the vinegar in packs 2. Fill the cups with vinegar 3. Then place a type at the top of the cups then put two different holes C. Connecting the wires 1. Attach the galvanized nail and copper wires both side. Do not allow the copper wire and galvanized nail touch each other. . Attach the alligator wire to the copper wires and galvanized nails 3. Attach the alligator clip to the bulb and it will light up. C1. Observation C2. Collection of Data C3. Tabulation C4. Evaluation C5. Conclusion Flow Chart of Methodology Conclus ion Tabulation Collection of Data Evaluation Observation Experimentation Setting up the Prepare Materials Preparation CHAPTER III RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table. 1 TRIAL| AMOUNT OF VINEGAR| OBSERVATION| 1| 200 ml| The led bulb haven’t produced light| 2| 400 ml| The led bulb still haven’t produced light| 3| 800 ml| The led bulb produced little light| | 1000 ml| The led bulb produced great light| Based on the table above, the researchers first prepared in trial with the amount of vinegar 200ml but it does not make the led bulb light. On the second trial, they prepared 400ml but again it does not work. By the third trial, with the amount of 800ml of vinegar, it only produced a little amount of light on the led bulb. On their last trial, they tried to use more vinegar with the amount of 1000ml, and then it already made the led bulb produced great light. CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATIONSIn this chapter the researchers will be giving the summary of th e findings of their study. The conclusions on the different problems that arose and to the recommendations on the kinds of improvement their readers can do in the near future. Summary With the use of vinegar it is proven effective when the copper wire and galvanized nail is inserted in it. Based on the observation of the researchers through experimentation it was proven that Vinegar can be an alternative battery and can be a good source of electricity and further justified based on the result of the study.Findings Based on the experiment conducted, the following were the findings of the study: 1. With the amount of 1000ml of vinegar, it can make the led bulb light with the use also of galvanized nail and copper wire 2. Vinegar contains small amounts of acetic acid that can make the led bulb light Conclusions Based on the findings the researchers have conducted, the researchers therefore conclude that vinegar can be an alternative battery and a good example of producing light.With th e galvanized nail and copper wire as the negative and positive the two components shouldn’t be attach with other with the flow of electricity there should only be one direction Recommendations The experiment is easy, you can spend lesser. This is recommended to all the people. By this study, a lot of people can get and get idea how to save money, and energy at home. Someday, vinegar will be a source of electricity. The researchers also recommend this to the following: * Students – this can help them to be their guide anf for them to try something new and develop their skills in investigatory. Teachers – to take this as an example to the students for them to encourage themselves to discover other kinds of alternative battery. The researchers recommend two title of further studies: 1. â€Å"Animal Urine as Alternative battery† 2. â€Å"Vinegar as a battery for Calculator† REFERENCES http://tag. wonderhowto. com/vinegar-battery/ http://hilaroad. com/c amp/projects/lemon/vinegar_battery. html http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=pq9NuvdLZaU&feature=gv http://www. termpaperwarehouse. com/search_results. php? query=vinegar+alternative+battery+ APPENDICES

Asbestos essays

Asbestos essays Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral. It is similar to other minerals in all ways except one: its crystal development. The crystal formation is in the form of long thin fibers. Over the years, it has had many uses. Primarily, it is used as an insulator or fire retardant. Due to its versatility and excellent insulating characteristics, asbestos can be found in many types of buildings. Although the government placed a moratorium on the production of most asbestos products in the early 1970s, installation of these products continued into the early 1980s. Although small exposure to asbestos is not dangerous, people who are exposed to asbestos on a consistent basis are at an increased risk of lung cancer, mesothelioma, and asbestos. Although asbestos is known to many people as a dangerous pollutant in its natural state, the mineral occurs throughout much of the planet. It is found in two-thirds of the rocks in the earths crust, and its fibers are released by erosion and carried by the wind. Therefore, depending on where you live, you are most likely inhaling between 10,000 and 15,000 fibers per day. Research shows that 99% of the worlds current asbestos production is chrysotile, a fiber which, when inhaled in small quantities, has no threat to a persons health. The controversy with asbestos concerns fibers and products that were used in the past, often improperly, and these fibers and products are prohibited today. Asbestos, being a versatile mineral, can be found in numerous places throughout the home because of its thermal insulation, fire protection, and strengthening of other materials. Insulating materials in ceilings, roofs, household appliances, pipe coverings, etc. all contained asbestos. Floor coverings such as vinyl tiles also contained asbestos because of the products strengthening ability. Household appliances contained asbestos for the use of its thermal insulation in ...

The Success of the Conservative Party 1918-1964 Was Due to the Appeal of Its Leaders Essay Example

The Success of the Conservative Party 1918 The Success of the Conservative Party 1918-1964 Was Due to the Appeal of Its Leaders Essay The Success of the Conservative Party 1918-1964 Was Due to the Appeal of Its Leaders Essay The success of the Conservative Party 1918-1964 was due to the appeal of its leaders. † To what extent do you agree? To assess the appeal of the Conservative leaders, it is first necessary to define appeal. Appeal is the extent to which the image and personality of the leader appeals to the needs of the electorate at the time. Whilst appealing leaders such as Winston Churchill were successful in leadership, others such as Antony Eden who was arguably the most appealing were not as successful so it is clear that the factor of appeal alone cannot lead to success. Therefore other factors such as the strength of the cabinet or weakness of the opposition generated this success, or arguably the appeal itself necessary for the success. Appeal of course was an important ingredient in the success of many Conservative leaders, and the ‘old guard appeal’ that vindicated Winston Churchill in 1939 when his predictions concerning Nazi Germany shamed the appeasement policy of pacifist Neville Chamberlain and subsequently led him to becoming approached by Ministers to form a National Government for the war. Churchill’s ability as an orator especially in the use of the radio rallying voters surpassed even that of Stanley Baldwin who had cunningly used it to deliver Conservative Propaganda during the 1926 General Strike. Through speeches such as the â€Å"Blood, Sweat and Tears† (1940), through his appeal he in the long-term imposed a spirit of patriotism which encouraged collectivism that not only made the rationing of 1940-1951 possible and unopposed, but also created a foundation for the â€Å"Middle Way† of politics that would create the political appeal necessary for MacMillan to dominate the period 1957-1964. While Winston Churchill’s appeal came from the stoic and headstrong attitude which he used to organise the war arguably this very appeal denied him the appointment as Prime Minister in 1945. He condemned the reconstructive measures of the Beveridge Report in 1942 â€Å"as requiring a Gestapo state to run† which ultimately led to an uncharismatic and arguably unappealing Prime Minister Clement Attlee to reach the first Labour majority in 1945. While Churchill’s appeal was high, arguably other factors such as denying the worth of social reconstruction would in the short-term quash his appeal. The same could be said of Antony Eden’s term 1955-1957 who was a fresh-faced Tory Minister with extensive foreign secretary experience and who was part of the Tory â€Å"Glamour Boy† faction. Appointed in 1955 his failures during the Suez Crises in 1956 destroyed his credibility after he demonstrated similar right-wing war mongering attitudes that Churchill displayed during his 1945 election campaign. Arguably, the fact that these two Prime Ministers were appealing amplified the effect of their mistakes making them even more disappointing in the public eye. Furthermore, it could be argued that the weakness of the opposition (Labour or Liberals) created the success for the Conservatives 1918-1964 or arguably was the source of the appeal itself. For example the decline of the Liberal Party during 1918-1922 when the Asquith-Lloyd George split occurred coupled with his Presidential style of leadership as well as his policy blunders answering the Irish Question 1920-1921 hugely alienated a large portion of the Liberal electorate who were subsequently up for the taking. And while it could be argued that the appeal of â€Å"honesty and trustworthiness† that Baldwin generated stepping down in 1923 when not receiving a majority in the subject of tariff reform gained these voters; it was the ultimately the failures of MacDonald in 1923-1924 that proved the Labour was not fit to govern which gave the Conservatives the alienated Liberal voters that caused their dominance. The Conservatives were able to capitalise on the variety of mistakes of the Labour Government 1923-1924 where they garnered a collective image of communism due to the 1924 Zinoviev Letter and the image of corruption from the 1924 Campbell Case withdrawal which collectively increased the appeal of Baldwin during the 1926 General Election which subsequently granted him an extra 100 seats. Similarly, the same could be said in 1951 when Churchill regained his appeal and won the General Election. The austerity, rationing and high taxation of Stafford Cripps Chancellor of the Exchequer which lasted 1945-1951 weakened Labour by making their Government appear unappealing and having the short-term impact of making Churchill regain his appeal, especially after he ended rationing 1951 and began pursuing a â€Å"middle-way of politics† which would in the long-term ultimately be pursued by future Prime Ministers such as MacMillan. MacMillan himself was not appealing, but by similarly pursuing this middle-way of politics by continuing social welfare and being associated with the high living standards where â€Å"Britain never had it good† 1957-1964 MacMillan generated the appeal. Of course, the efforts of a Prime Minister by themselves often did not form success, often Cabinet Ministers made up for a lack of appeal in the PMs to generate their success. The best example of his was Baldwin during 1924-1929. While he was a solid leader ending the General Strike 1926 in 9 days as a result of his 1925 Red Friday Subsidy, he was sedate and undynamic as a policy maker. His foreign secretary and minister of health made up for this lack of appeal, for example the former introduced the Locarno Treaty 1925 and the latter the 1929 Local Government Act which gave greater power to local authorities and was hailed â€Å"the first of its kind in Europe. Likewise MacMillan during Chuchill’s second term 1951-1955 introduced his Housing Plan in 1951 which constructed 300,000 homes a year until 1957 which established when MacMillan became PM in 1957 the â€Å"property owning democracy† he so often referred to. Baldwin and Churchill’s lack of dynamic policy-making appeal was shown to be fixed by their talented Cabinet Ministers which in effect created the appeal of the Leaders in these governments who inevitably associated the success with the figure heads in Government. Indeed, overall the factor of appeal can be likened to ‘you can’t have style without substance’. MacMillan as a Prime Minister embodies this argument for all the Tory PMs, while not necessarily appealing or charismatic his middle way consensus politics, and the high living standards created by the artificial stop and go stagflation economic measures in 1957-1964 collectively created the same appeal that caused him to have one of the largest Conservative majority Governments in the period 1918-1964.

How to Use Adverbs to Express Time [English Business Writing]

How to Use Adverbs to Express Time [English Business Writing] As businesses become more international, so must our business writing. Fortunately, good business writing skills transfer very well to global audiences, but there is some confusing grammar that global business writers need to watch. Let’s examine the advantage of using adverbs, instead of grammar, to express time. There are certain grammatical structures that show when two actions happen in relationship to each other. However, these structures are complicated and can be difficult for non-native speakers of English to understand. For example: Before I reported my findings to the team, I had attended the conference. This sentence is grammatically correct, but it is long and uses two different past tenses to show which action happened first. Instead, you can write this: First, I went to the conference. Then, I reported my findings to my team. The first example sounds more sophisticated, but the second example is easier to understand. This is because the second example uses short, direct sentences, the simple past tense, and the â€Å"First† and â€Å"Then† to show the relationship between the two events. The second example does not rely on complicated grammar to show the relationship between those two sentences. A quick review of adverbs There are two ways to understand adverbs – their grammatical job in the sentence and what questions they answer for you. Grammatically, adverbs have three jobs: They can describe a verb: He speaks eloquently. They can describe another adverb: He speaks very And, they can describe an adjective: He is quite Sometimes, though, it is easier to think about the questions that adverbs answer for us: How – He speaks eloquently. (Eloquently tells us how he speaks.) How much – We have staff meetings weekly. (Weekly tells us how much we have staff meetings.) When – First, we need to review the proposals. (First tells us when the action needs to occur.) It’s the last question, WHEN, that makes adverbs particularly useful in business writing. Using adverbs, instead of grammar, to describe time is easier to understand, and will usually force you to use shorter, more direct sentences that are often more explicit. Examples of adverbs of time are: First, second, third First, next, last In the beginning, In the end/At the end Now, Then Today, Tomorrow, Yesterday hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(41482, 'c61cbd6e-f7ce-458b-af11-45f3cbe8af31', {}); Let’s look at one more example of how these adverbs of time work. Here is the complicated sentence: As a result of the challenging business climate, we will need to cut back on frivolous spending. AND The business climate is challenging. Now, we need to cut back on frivolous spending. The second example uses two shorter sentences that are more direct. It also uses the adverb of time â€Å"Now† to help orient the reader, instead of the complicated grammar of the first example. As you can see, writing for a global audience is not so different from good business writing. Short, clear, direct sentences help your reader to respond in a timely manner. Instructional Solutions offers Online Business Writing Courses that can help youwrite better work, to both domestic and global audiences.

Diet for a Patient with Chronic Hunger, Iron Deficiency Anemia, and Essay

Diet for a Patient with Chronic Hunger, Iron Deficiency Anemia, and Lead Poisoning - Essay Example His weight and height are equivalent to a 21 month old child. He is underweight and it is not a good indication of a normal nutrition for his age. The health of a child is assessed and evaluate according to the growth development of a child upon birth up to the current age to determine the development and the improvement of the childs growth. Poor growth may indicate health problem or potential health threat it also has a great impact on cognitive development and morbidity of a child. For children same as Jonathans age, the normal height should be 38.5 inches and weight of 16 kg as a normal values for boys age 30 months-old according to the CDCs growth chart. The results of Jonathan’s laboratory tests show low hemoglobin level and high lead level in his blood. Children in Jonathans age are high risks of getting lead poisoning. According to familydoctor.org, Toddlers explore their world by putting things in their mouths, there is a high probability that Jonathan might exposed his body to the things containing lead especially in the household. Although calcium can help fighting lead poisoning by preventing lead being absorbed in the body, iron is also an essential part of the process. Hemoglobin in the blood allows them to carry out the transport of oxygen, it carries protein in the blood. Decreased hemoglobin level in the blood may result to hematologic disorder, according to Pillitteri, hemoglobin is composed of globin, a protein dependent on nitrogen metabolism for its formation, and heme, an iron-containing pigment. Low hemoglobin level may cause Iron deficiency anemia due to low iron level in blood. This sections based on the childs nutritional assessment regarding food intake. In his case he drinks four glasses of milk or 32 ozs. per day. At Jonathans age he is ready to consume table food such as, meat, rice, bread, vegetables and fruits. These foods are necessary in contributing nutrition to children during

International relations war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International relations war - Essay Example Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy defines war as â€Å"an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities† (Orend 1). From these definitions war can occur between people, cultures and states. War is usually aimed at having power over the other person. An overall definition of war is continuous violence between groups in which state military forces take part on one side in case of a civil war or both sides in case of interstate wars. There are different types of war which are triggered by different situations. Hegemonic war also known as global war or world war or general war is a war aimed at controlling or conquering the whole world. It last happened during the Second World War. Where a state attempts to conquer and occupy another state, it is referred to as total war. The aim of the state is to reach the capital city and force the government to surrender. The whole of the enemy’s family is perceived as a legitimate target. After conquering, the victor replaces the subdued government with its own choice. An example of total war is the 2003 Iraq war. In limited war, the conqueror aims at doing other things apart from conquering and occupying the state. It is a common phenomenon in border wars, after occupying the state it wants, it may stop there to defend its gains. An example of such a war is the U.S. war against Iraq in 1991; U.S. recaptured Kuwait but did not go further to topple Saddam Hussein’s government. Civil war occurs between some groups within a state with the aim of creating, or preventing a new government for the whole state or some parts of it. Guerilla war is operated by illegal forces that are hidden by civilian population. They rarely confront an enemy; instead they harass and punish the enemy for a long time till the enemy limits its controls. Finally the enemy loosens its grip on the territory and liberates it to the guerrilla army (Eckbaull 1). A simple definition of strategy can be a means of solving

All The Pretty Horses by Cormac Mc Carthy Research Paper

All The Pretty Horses by Cormac Mc Carthy - Research Paper Example The setting is in 1949 when the story starts with a funeral. It was the funeral of Grady’s grandfather, the owner of the ranch that their family was living on. With his grandfather dead, Grady’s mother who is an actress, will have to sell the ranch. Realizing that there was nothing for him in Texas anymore since he loves the ranch and the lifestyle it provides, he leaves Texas for Mexico. He brought along his friend Rawlins with him. Together, they ride to Mexico as idealized cowboys on horseback. On the road, another character by the name of Blevins joins them. Blevins is thirteen years old and he rides a beautiful horse. Rawlins immediately dislikes him but they still continue the journey on together. They reach the Rio Grande and upon crossing the river reaches Mexico. In Mexico, they encounter a terrible storm. Blevins, being very fearful, strips all his clothes (as a precaution against lightning strikes), and runs off, leaving his horse and all of his belongings. The next day, they find him almost naked. Blevins convinces Grady and Rawlins to find a town and look for his horse and his gun, which were stolen during the height of his panic attack. Soon enough, on the village of Encantada, they find Blevins’ horse but then it was already claimed by someone else. Blevins takes it back and the locals pursue them. In the pursuit, they got separated. Grady and Rawlins eventually moves South where they were able to find jobs as cowboys in a ranch owned by a certain Don Hector. Because of his own experience in their own ranch, Grady soon became famous in Don Hector’s ranch as the new cowboy. He proves himself to be a very good one, as he deeply understands horses. Because of his expertise, he was put in charge of the breeding of the horses. Then, he meets Alejandra, Don Hector’s daughter and he falls for her. Although he was warned by Alejandra’s cynical aunt, Alfonsa, Grady pursues Alejandra and then they began an affair. When Don Hector found out about it, he had the Americans arrested by the corrupt Encantada police. There in Encantada jail cell, they reunite with Blevins again. They soon find that Blevins killed someone when he returned to Encantada to retrieve his stolen gun. Grady and Rawlins were now labeled as co-conspirators in Blevins’ case. Then, because he was tortured, Rawlins owns up to the accusations, and this leads to Blevins’ assassination. Grady and Rawlins remains imprisoned in the town called Saltillo. In prison they experience constant bullying by the prison mafia. It happens that a cuchillero attacks Grady as he refuses the invitation of Perez. Perez is a powerful prisoner who wants Grady to be his ally. John Grady eventually kills his assailant. He and Rawlins get ba dly wounded in the process. Alfonsa, Alejandra’s aunt, bribes the prison commander to release Grady and Rawlins and they were eventually released. Alfonsa made Grady swear that he should never see Alejandra again. With his newfound liberty, Rawlins goes back to America. Grady, however, was so intent to see and go back to Alejandra. Alfonsa again warns Grady not to pursue Alejandra and sets out a long discussion about the pitfalls of romance and its foolishness. In spite of all the discouragement, he meets Alejandra and they spend the whole day together. Grady proposes marriage to Alejandra but Alejandra declines because she already decided that she couldn’t leave her family, thus leaving Grady with a broken heart. Grady decides to go back to America but not without his horses. So he goes back to the village of Encantada and reclaims the horses, all the while claiming the captain of the town as hostage. The people pursue him but eventually crosses the border heavily wou nded. He finds himself back in

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Research Paper - 3

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) - Research Paper Example The truth is there are toxic and non-toxic PAHs occurring naturally in our environment, the non-toxic ones are found in the food we consume (Glenn 1995). They are known as Phytochemicals and are available not only in vegetables but also fruits, grains and several other plants used as foods. These are essential for our health when cooked and consumed appropriately (Sommerburg 1998). This document will discuss the benefits of consuming abundant vegetables in our diet to prevent chronic diseases. Phytochemicals are the bioactive non-nutrient compound found in vegetable. Almost 5000 phytochemicals are estimated to be identified but more are still deemed to be unknown, limiting the full knowledge of the vegetable benefits to our health, suggesting that there could be more benefits. In our day to day activities, our cells are constantly exposed to a lot of oxidizing agents, some toxic and some beneficial to our life. These are the normal PAHs and are found in air, water or the food we consume, some are even being metabolically produced within the cells. Optimal physiologic conditions in our bodies require a balanced state a balanced state of oxidants and antioxidants (Block 1992). Excessive oxidants production causes imbalance which leads to oxidative stress which mostly affects the chronic bacterial, parasitic and even viral infections. This causes serious oxidative damages to the bimolecular substances mainly the proteins, lipids and DNA increasing the risk of chronic disease s like cancer and even cardiovascular disease. Consumption of sufficient antioxidants slows down or even prevents this oxidative stress in our bodies. Vegetables are the known source to have a wide variety of these antioxidant compounds, these may be phenolics or carotenoids which helps in protecting cellular systems from damage due to the oxidative stress, reducing the risk of chronic diseases (Hung 2004). An evidence to show that the compounds found in

Organizational Theory and Design Questions Coursework

Organizational Theory and Design Questions - Coursework Example 2. The top management of the organization is responsible for formulating the organizational vision and explicitly defining the purpose by setting mission goals. However, they act as torch bearers for the whole organization by designing a set of periodical goals to support the overall purpose of the organization or vision. 3. The employees of an organization are classified into hierarchies that determine their chain of command, report authority and job descriptions. And organizational structure defines who delegates tasks and who reports them to whom. The structure can be vertical or horizontal. A vertical structure implicates a number of levels of management and reporting trends that slows the decision making process. The horizontal hierarchy is less formal and promotes creativity and quicker decision making. 4. Environmental uncertainty is attributed to changing economic conditions and policies, changes in the social trends and the advent of disruptive technologies. The greatest impact is that of economic change as it impacts nearly every aspect of the organizational working. The environment represents the surroundings in which the firm operates in and hence the stability of this environment is necessary for organizational progress. 5. The business eco system implies that organizations work in collaboration with other businesses and value chain members in order to increase productivity and ensure survival. For example car manufacturers partner with other companies like tire makers and stereo manufacturers to come up with a wholesome car that is well equipped. 6. Global geographical structure is advisable when the organization has the capability to venture into multiple locations. Geographical structure also supports the product customization options by giving the local managers the opportunity to enhance the product according to the need of the market. The local managers also provide a better understanding of the location increasing

Wal-Mart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Wal-Mart - Essay Example This requires a benefit and wage package that accounts for the basic expenses and area-specific cost of living involved in supporting a family comfortably. By definition of their regions specific living wage standards are known to vary as compared to minimum wages offered by the federals. This is because the minimum wages do not begin to meet the family or the working people needs anywhere in the country; and on the contrary, it puts a child and parent below the poverty federal lines. This issue can effectively be addressed by the implementation of a more reasonable minimum and living wage at a local level that will not affect the family’s way of life. Our living wage standard like in many other municipal standards across the country combines some benefits with the wage standard to cater for employees and families that need it the most. The City of Washington, D.C government recently wanted to introduce a legislation that would ensure that large corporations running business i n the city would pay a "living wage" of $12.50 per hour to all employees hired in the city. Wal-Mart, one of the largest business corporations in the whole world responded by threatening to close stores in the city, and not to open planned stores because of the legislation. Such policies are meant to protect the public from exploitation by business companies and to ensure that employees are well remunerated. Is the living wage policy good? The question whether the policy is a good one can be argued from both ways, but on this paper, the argument will lean more on the positive aspects of the policy. This policy is good and its implementation would be beneficial for the employees, future employees, the families of the employees and ultimately the city of Washington, D.C. One advantage that can be achieved through its implementation is that the minimum income of the citizens would rise considerably. This will help in improving the lives of the employees and enable them meet their basic and secondary needs. In addition, it is also beneficial to women because over time they have been earning lower wages than the men have. The wage policy will ensure than women and men earn similar salaries that are based on their skills and work rather than gender. In this aspect, the policy would benefit most families of the employees. Through this, it can be regarded as an added benefit to the recovery of the economy as a whole from the family level. Others still view its implementation as an indirect form of justice for those affected by the economy crisis since within its implementation, there are dockets that would allow for effective compensations and responsibility mainly by the employers and managements and this would in effect protect the workers from any form of abuse. The policy is also beneficial to companies such as Wal-Mart because an increased wage will ensure that the employees are motivated to perform highly and yield more and high quality productivity. Due to thes e facts, it is clear that the policy is a good one. The people who support the implementation of the living wage policy state that all individuals should be provided with direct means of affording living costs in-terms of shelter, food, transport and usual basic needs, fiscal conservatives. On the other hand, those who do not support it refuse to uphold the idea of a minimum wage since according to them it makes it hard to determine the regional scale cost of labor appropriately. They adequately argue that the minimum wage increases the services and goods prices while also affecting disproportionally the minorities. Even with this argument and counter argument, it is still unfortunate that a major aspect is still not answered by this debate

Organizational Theory and Design Questions Coursework

Organizational Theory and Design Questions - Coursework Example 2. The top management of the organization is responsible for formulating the organizational vision and explicitly defining the purpose by setting mission goals. However, they act as torch bearers for the whole organization by designing a set of periodical goals to support the overall purpose of the organization or vision. 3. The employees of an organization are classified into hierarchies that determine their chain of command, report authority and job descriptions. And organizational structure defines who delegates tasks and who reports them to whom. The structure can be vertical or horizontal. A vertical structure implicates a number of levels of management and reporting trends that slows the decision making process. The horizontal hierarchy is less formal and promotes creativity and quicker decision making. 4. Environmental uncertainty is attributed to changing economic conditions and policies, changes in the social trends and the advent of disruptive technologies. The greatest impact is that of economic change as it impacts nearly every aspect of the organizational working. The environment represents the surroundings in which the firm operates in and hence the stability of this environment is necessary for organizational progress. 5. The business eco system implies that organizations work in collaboration with other businesses and value chain members in order to increase productivity and ensure survival. For example car manufacturers partner with other companies like tire makers and stereo manufacturers to come up with a wholesome car that is well equipped. 6. Global geographical structure is advisable when the organization has the capability to venture into multiple locations. Geographical structure also supports the product customization options by giving the local managers the opportunity to enhance the product according to the need of the market. The local managers also provide a better understanding of the location increasing