Why All San Franciscans Should Switch - 1039 Words

Why All San Franciscans Should Switch to CleanPowerSF Lawrence M. Ling Author Lawrence M. Ling is a Project Pull Mentor’s Assistant in the Policy and Government Affairs Team of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission. He is an undergraduate student at the University of California: Los Angeles who majors in Political Science, and he strongly believes that CleanPowerSF is the best solution to the growing trend of global warming. Why should all residents in San Francisco switch to CleanPowerSF? But hold on, wait: you must be wondering what it is. In the thriving city of San Francisco, there is a Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) program called CleanPowerSF administered by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC). The broad goal of this program is to provide cleaner and cheaper energy opposed to current plans by investor-owned utilities (IOU) like Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PGE). In order to explain the first reason why CleanPowerSF is beneficial, I will begin with this question. Have you ever seen smog in major California cities like Bakersfield, Fresno, or Los Angeles? For many people, the answer is â€Å"Yes. I see it everywhere!† You can indeed find smog in these cities, but pollution actually exists in nearly every major city. The pollution that glooms over those cities, which is caused by greenhouse gases, may lead to various types of short-term health issues like coughing and throat or chest irritation. Likewise, high levels of ozone can irritate

The Health Benefits of Yoga Essay - 1186 Words

Yoga is a practice that anyone of any age can complete anywhere at anytime. It originated in ancient India and is estimated to be nearly five thousand years old. Through yoga, one is able to find his or her path to peaceful bliss within him or her self (Finney 25). The mind and the body become balanced with each other, giving one the sense of enlightenment (The Magic of...Meditation). Depending on the styles and poses a person is to choose, yoga benefits a person not only physically, but mentally as well. Any gender at any age or health level has the capability to do yoga because it has various styles, poses, and tempos at which they are performed. Different yoga postures have specific effects on breaking up obstacles in your body, so†¦show more content†¦Bikram is similar to Desikachar, Sivananda, and Viniyoga because they all solely relate to breath and meditation. The difference between all of these styles, are the postures, the practices of breathing, and the diets assoc iated with each type (Cook). Some perceive yoga to be a connection to Buddha, spirits, or the devil, but yoga is only that, if that is what he or she wants it to be. If people are very religious, and they are wanting to use yoga as an offering or praise to their God, they should do Bhakti yoga . To do Bhakti yoga, all that is required is love. While doing so, one prays, sings, or chants to his or her God expressing love, gratitude, or hopes (Finney 38). Hatha yoga is one of the most common, renowned yoga. It’s said to be meditation of the physical body. When Hatha yoga was being developed, the creators’ ultimate goal was to gain control of the mind (Finney 24). It was not an easy task though. Yoga guru, Holiness Sri Swami Satchidananda once said, â€Å"It is easier to control a drunk monkey that has been stung by a scorpion than it is to control the mind† (Finney 22). I find that Karma yoga is the most interesting. It’s believed that Karma isn’t be cause of a higher power trying to punish one for their actions. The things one experiences in life, good or bad, helps one to learn from his or her decisions (Finney 34). Understanding lessons thatShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Yoga On The Mind Body Spirit About A Person s Overall Health Status1524 Words   |  7 Pagesof literature on the benefits of yoga show the importance that exists between the mind, body, and spirit. This review conducted shows the significance of link between the mind-body-spirit about a person’s overall health. Diversity in yoga including type, intensity, and duration are what play significant roles in the levels of perceived health benefits in comparison to traditional exercise. Thus, far stress reduction seems to be the most proposed benefit associated with yoga therapy, even thoughRead MoreEssay The Effects of Yoga in Fitness718 Words   |  3 PagesYoga is a simple process of reversing the ordinary outward flow of energy and consciousness so that the mind becomes a dynamic center of direct perception no longer dependent upon the fallible senses but capable of actually experiencing Truth (Self-Realization Fellowship). Yoga also helps a person’s physical well being. So what are the effects of yoga in fitness? Well, there are several ways that yoga affects people’s physical fitness components; there are also several benefits, and also many waysRead MoreBms Conducts A Program For Yoga1065 Words   |  5 PagesDetails about BMS program BMS conducts a program for Yoga. Yoga is the activity to explain the procedure behind connecting one’s body, brain and respiration. The variation in brain is known as Vritti and beat of respiration is known as Pranayama. 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After two months of doing nothing the last thing I wanted to do was startRead MoreYoga as medication?1382 Words   |  6 PagesIndividuals who practice yoga experience an awareness of their body and environment. Yoga helps them to relax and feel at peace with a subtle feeling of stimulation. This paper examines the use of prescription drugs/stimulants that are used to treat ADHD in children, and the use of an alternative that for some can be just as effective to treat ADHD. Yoga has beneficial factors for managing ADHD symptoms. According to the â€Å"yoga Journal† through deep breathing exercises, yoga tea ches kids to tap intoRead MoreTransform Your Life With Yoga And Meditation1403 Words   |  6 PagesTransform Your Life with Yoga And Meditation! MariaJohnson By MariaJohnson May 2, 2013 Yoga and meditation have been a crucial part of history. If you think yoga is about twisting and bending your body, then it s time to see it in a new light. In simpler form it is a combination of asanas, pranayamas, and meditation. Yoga and meditation are two important aspects that complement each other. Meditation is a crucial part of yoga sessions and one of its five principles; after-all being mentally fitRead MoreAn Effective Adjunct Therapy For Eating Disorders1458 Words   |  6 Pagesstrategies, and scientific findings regarding eating disorders. Incorporating yoga into eating disorder recovery plans has become common, and has proven results for improving body image, and reducing levels of anxiety and depression that often accompany eating disorders. Yoga is an effective adjunct therapy for eating disorder patients, and can have significant results when combined with traditional medical treatments. Yoga originated in India, and is a practice that involves body movement, breathRead MoreThe Yoga Sutras, The Science Of The Mind, Body And Spirit1200 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Top In the Yoga Sutras, Yoga is defined as union of mind, body and spirit. Classically, Yoga is understood as the science of the mind. [1] These days it is assuming importance in improving mental health and quality of life in the treatment of a number of disorders. [2] Several diseases affect a person s biopsychosocial functioning to a greater or lesser degree. [3] These diseases are known as psychosomatic diseases. Psychosomatic means mind (psyche) and body (soma). A psychosomatic

Professional Organisation-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Complete a report on your findings. Your report will feature the following headings o Professional Organization o Description of Conference o Personal Applications Answer: Professional organisation: Science access is initiated with aim to fulfil goals of scientific community in terms of exchanging ideas to facilitate research and development. Speciality of the organisation is to facilitate fruitful communication among research scientists working in the same field and related interdisciplinary field. This organisation facilitates dissemination of information and ideas which can not be achieved by use of routine channels. Following is the Vision of this organisation, To be a destination for Authors and Scientific Community. To be market focused in whatever we do and to lead change in publishing. Following is the Mission of this organisation, To organise the worlds scientific information and make it universally accessible everyone. Science access organises conferences, meetings and workshops internationally. This organisation selects conference venue which suits informal community atmosphere. Hence, it selects venues which are scenic and in isolated nature. This organisation arrang es conferences not only related to nursing profession but also related to life sciences, biotechnology and medical and pharmaceutical field. This organisation regularly publicizes proceedings of the conference in the journals of respective field. It also provides information about the past, current and future conferences on their website. It also provides all the information related to the abstract submission, registration and certificate of attendance to the certificate (https://www.scienceaccess.org/). Description of Conference: Science access arranged Nursing Conference 2017 from December 11-13 in Dubai. The Theme of Nursing Congress 2017 is Current Challenges and Innovations in Nursing. In this conference Nursing issues like education, innovations, and challenge were discussed. Different stakeholders like healthcare scientists, professors, nurse practitioners, health care researchers, nurse associations, registered nurses, doctors, and faculty of nursing attended this conference. This conference helped in the modernization and advancement of nursing education and innovations. This conference was specifically conducted for the young nursing professionals like post-graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, trainees and junior faculty. It was mentioned that authors of the presentations should not be senior faculty and they should be below age of 33yrs. It gave opportunity to the young nursing professionals to acquire knowledge about the current research and to improve their capacity as a multidisciplinary res earcher. Guidelines for the speakers, poster presenters, E posters and publishing. Venue for this conference was holiday Inn Express Dubai Airport, Airport Road, Dubai International Airport, Near Terminal 3 - Dubai - United Arab Emirates. Both telephone and email contact of organisers were provided on the website. It helped participants to contact the organisers. During Nursing Conference 2017, diverse topics were discussed like healthcare practices, nursing laws and ethics, surgical and dental nursing, psychiatric nursing and clinical nursing practice. During this conference, discussions related to education research, innovative research and development research were conducted which would be helpful in the strengthening Nurse education and Evidence-Based Practice. Importance was given to the specific topics like Teaching, Assessment, and Learning Clinical Practice in Universities, Simulation, Technology, and Education in Nursing, Continuing Professional Development, Continuing Education in Nursing, Patient Safety precautions, Innovation, Academic Leadership and Evaluation Research, Midwifery Education. This conference helped in bringing different professionals related to nursing education on the same platform. These professionals are interested in nursing education through implementing practice, developing theories, and conducting research. Nursing institutes wishing to improve their educational qualities and implement newer technologies were invited for the conference. Organisers were confident that nursing professional went back to their hospitals with confidence of providing quality nursing practice and armed with certified nursing procedures. Scientific sessions like Nursing Education Nursing Management Practitioner, Health Care, Nursing Law, Surgical Nursing Dental Nursing, Cardiovascular Nursing, Women Health Nursing, Midwifery Nursing Cancer and Tumor Nursing, Mental Health Nursing, Veterinary Nursing, Travel Nurse Pediatrics Nursing, Nursing Practice, Critical Nursing, Clinical Nursing and Innovations in Nursing Education were conducted. During this conference, different products and services were exhibited from different commercial and non-commercial organisations. Personal applications: This exercise taught me method of searching professionals organisations which are working for the betterment of the nursing profession. I learned to scrutinize different organisations working for augmenting knowledge of nursing professionals and working for the welfare of mankind. This exercise is helpful in learning diverse aspects of the nursing profession. It helped in understanding the scope and applicability of the nursing profession. I enriched with the knowledge about the recent research and developments in the nursing profession and its application in the nursing profession. By going through the profiles of varied nursing professionals and organisations, I got information about the employment opportunities for me and my colleagues. I got knowledge about the different professionals and organisations, those are working constantly for the improvement of the nursing profession. Also, I got information about the organisations, those are working on the filed of my interest. Hence, I can contact them and discus about the collaborative work for the improvement of the nursing profession. During this exercise, I understood in depth knowledge of nursing management. I understood different hierarchy levels in the nursing profession. I came across modern, innovative and cost-effective methods of surgeries. I got contacts of few vendors and suppliers of surgical instruments. I got website links with demonstration of surgical procedures. I understood importance of giving special attention to the women health nursing. I came across few good abstracts which gave special attention for women health nursing. I learned that mental health nursing is the most difficult and critical field of nursing. From this exercise, I learned that mental health nursing can be effectively practiced by providing holistic care to the patients (https://globalnursingcongress.com/). References: Global Nursing Congress from https://globalnursingcongress.com/ on 22.02.208 Science access. Retrieved from https://www.scienceaccess.org/ on 22.02.2018.

The Rise And Decline Of The Creoles free essay sample

Of Color Essay, Research Paper The Rise and Decline of the Creoles of Color The Creoles of colour made many great paces in shuting the societal spread between inkinesss and Whites. This they achieved at a clip when most, if non all, basic freedoms were being denied to nonwhites. As a group, these Creoles achieved a great sum of success. many acquired huge lucks, having plantations and slaves. What happened to this group of people during the class of history? When American civilization began to take the topographic point of Gallic civilization in Louisiana, the Creoles of colour lost their particular position. Their civilization was in danger of being forgotten. It is difficult to give a specific definition to the Creoles of colour. They are a people of assorted cultural heritage. Today there is a quandary over what constitutes a modern Creole of colour. During the 18th and 19th centuries nevertheless, the definition was fundamentally ; a category of people of Gallic or Spanish blood, assorted with the blood of Africans or Santo Domingos. We will write a custom essay sample on The Rise And Decline Of The Creoles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their households had been free for coevalss. This group is portion of a larger societal order known as names de couleur libre, or the free people of colour. The Creoles of colour made up a 3rd caste in the ante-bellum South. They stood between, or instead apart, from both the inkinesss and the Whites. They identified more with the upper caste, though they shared the humiliation of being associated with the enslaved. This group was alone to Louisiana. Before the civil war the Creoles of colour existed as a separate category. The mean white accepted this in-between bed of society and dealt easy with its members. This is the one exclusion in American history of an effort to harmonize a 3rd group particular position. Historically, in the United States a individual holding any Negro lineage has been considered a Negro. There is no ground why a individual with half of his lineage black and half white should be labeled as black. With equal logic that individual could be defined as white. The Creoles of colour overcame these labels, if merely for a short clip. Though the Creoles of colour had their ain particular position, they were by no agencies regarded as equal to Whites. There was a caste system for Creoles of African descent: Negro # 8211 ; Full Negro blood Sacatra # 8211 ; 7/8 Negro # 8211 ; 1/8 White Griffe # 8211 ; 3/4 Negro # 8211 ; 1/8 white Mulatto # 8211 ; 1/2 Negro # 8211 ; 1/2 White Quadroon # 8211 ; 1/4 Negro # 8211 ; 3/4 White Octoroon # 8211 ; 1/8 Negro # 8211 ; 7/8 White The grade of privledge received was dependent on this graduated table. In other words, the whiter a individual was, the more freedoms that individual had. Beginnings of the Creoles of Color There were free people of colour in Gallic colonial Louisiana every bit early as 1725. Some came from Santo Domingo and entered the settlement as free people. Others were former slaves who had been given freedom. In March of 1724, the authorities in France formulated a series of Torahs called the Code Noir, or Black Code. Though some fo the Torahs were meant to modulate the behavior of freed slaves, others were designed to protect them. Aothough there was an exclusion that said free pople of colour could non get married Whites, one of these Torahs granted free people of colour the same rights as any white citizen of Louisiana. When Louisiana was taken over by the Spanish, most of the free people of colour were upset. They were really proud to be Gallic and did non desire to be ruled by Spain. However, Spanish regulation proved to be favourable to them, as they did non hold to give up their Frnch civilization, and the prevailing linguistic communication in Louisiana continued to be Gallic. Under the Spanish government many slaves were freed. This was partially due to the fact that there was a deficiency of white European adult females in the settlement. Many Gallic and Spanish work forces took slaves as couples. It was really common for these work forces to liberate the slave adult females and the kids which resulted from Thursdaies relationships. After liberating the slaves the adult male would normally allow them some land and give them money to supply for the ileegitiamte household. These relationships were the beginnings of a patterns known as placage. Placage is a Franch word significance to be placed. Affluent Gallic gentleman would take the most beautiful light-skinned adult females of colour, normally quadroons or octoroons, and enter into an illicit relationship with them. These adult females were raised in celibacy and protected until they met with a suited |protectorX. From childhood these misss were trained in societal graces and Gallic manners. When they were old plenty, they were introduced into society at Quadroon Balls. These balls were glamourous, formal personal businesss where the affluent Gallic gentlemen went in the hopes of run intoing a beautiful Creole adult female. After the confederation was made, the twosome got together and agreed in a formal contract on the mode in which the adult female would be taken attention of. The adult female was normally given a gouse in which to populate and raise the kids that the coulple would finally hold. T hese adult females were normally taken really good attention of. They were given all right vesture, gems, and retainers. Placage was common pattern in New Orleans. It was rarer in the rural countries of Louisiana, nevertheless it ded occur. Basically it was accepted by the society and considered platitude. These adult females of colour lived as 2nd married womans to their white plantation owner |protectorsX. Through these relationships they gained wealth and regard. Their greatest hope was to hold kids who were light plenty to go through for white. Many adult females of colour preferable placage to relationships with work forces of their ain sort, which they thought were excessively restricting. Placage was non the lone manner in which Creoles of colour increased their population and advanced their wealth. In the rural backcountry placage was looked down upon. There, people were expected to hold a proper nuptials in a church. Standards for matrimony between Creoles of colour definetly involved skin colour. Marriages were usuallly arranged by the parents. They sought out parnters for their kids trusting to happen a lucifer who had the same shadiness, or sooner lighter, tegument. Sometimes there was a limited figure of Creole households of colour life in a rural country. This meant a deficiency of couples for the newest genteration. When this happened Creole work forces of colour were brought in from New Orleans. There were ever many who were willing to travel into the back state, live on a plantation, and get married a Creole adult female of colour. The population of Creoles of colour was becomming larger all the clip. Another manner in which Creole households grew was through the illicit kids of slaves and white plantation owners. Often, the male parents of these kids wanted to maneuver them off from confederations with laves. These male parents would liberate their kids and set up a matrimony with a Creole planter+s kid. The Rise of Creoles of Color Outside of Louisiana, when a slave was freed, they frequently found themselves with no land, no money, and no manner to gain a life. This left them in a state of affairs that was little better than bondage. In Louisiana nevertheless, there was a topographic point for freed slaves in society. When slaves were freed in Louisiana, they were frequently given some land and money. Under Spanish and Gallic regulation, free people of colour enjoyed many economic autonomies. They could get land grants, and many of them did. They farmed this land and profited from it. Finally many of these farms became plantations. These Creoles of colour became affluent, slave-owning plantation owners. The Creole household farms and plantations were normally larger than, or the same size as, those owned by Whites in the same country. The early harvests grown on these plantations were indigo, baccy, and sugar. These harvests finally gave manner to cotton. An mean Creole farm in the rural back state had about nine slaves. evidently, on a big plantation there would be many more slaves. As parents divided their retentions between legion offspring, there was an inevitiable diminution in the size of single plantations. Familiy was really of import to the Creoles of colour. It was common proctice for parents to give full platations to their kids as nuptials nowadayss. In their intervention of the slaves they owned, Thursday vitamin E Creoles of colour couldn+t win no affair what they did. They were criticized by Whites for being sort to thier slaves, every bit good as for being rough. As a regulation nevertheless, their slaves were treated merely every bit good as, if non better than, the mean white planter+s slaves. Creoles of colour were besides known to allow valued slaves freedom. Although each free individual of colour had a background that included bondage, the Creoles were non morally against it. Many Creoles were afraid that if all slaves were freed they would lose their particular position. Basically, they adopted the attitude of the larger socity in sing slaves. The bottom line was that slaves were an economic plus. The bulk of Creoles of colour did non ain plantations. Louisiana was alone in bring forthing many economic chances for free people of colour. In other countries white concern work forces had an antipathy to engaging nonwhites. This made it highly difficult for them to do a life. In New Orleans, the most typical ocuupations that free people of colour held were: seamster, Barber, carpenter, Mason, cigarmaker, drudge driver, and cobbler. The Decline of the Creoles of Color Early on on Torahs were passed curtailing the free people of colour. However, it was non until the Americans took over Louisiana that any of these Torahs truly took clasp. For illustration, Esteban Miro+s edict was passed in 1786. This was an effort to forestall placages. It ordered free adult females of colour in placages to happen new ways to back up themselves, or be expelled organize the settlement. It besides stated that free adult females of colour were to halt have oning so many gems. Form so on they were required to have on a tignon, a kerchief used as a headgear, as a symbol of their lower position. This edict was non truly obeyed. The tignon+s were made of silks and decked with gems. They were used by these adult females as a farther plus to their beauty. The placages continued, though in greater secretiveness. In 1803 the United States bought Louisiana from France. This proved to be the first in a series of events that would finally do the ruin of the Creoles of colour. After the Louisiana Purchase, Americans ppoured into the settlement and took over. This was a batch like takeng over a foreign state. Not merely was the Gallic civilization in danger, the civilization of the free people of colour was in danger of being wiped out all together. The Americans viewed all nonwhites as being portion of the same inferior group. The free people of colour had antecedently enjoyed many rights and ummunities. They besides expected the Americans to acknowledge their particular position. When Louisiana became a province, its fundamental law ignored all the freedoms that the free people of colour had been accustomed to. They were given no political rights at all. In an effort to stay a separate group, the Louisian free born people of colour began naming themselves Creoles. They insisted that others call them this every bit good. In response to the invasion of Americans in their place, the Creole community drew into itself. The Creoles refused to larn English. They held themselves distant signifier Whites and freshly freed work forces. By the 1840+s the figure of Creoles in Louisiana was reduced. Though the Creoles considered themselves a separate category, they suffered organize the general anti-colored feeling in the late 1830+s # 8211 ; 1840+s. There were Torahs bing passed which made it progressively more hard for them to populate in Louisiana. For examle, the Creoles of colour were barred from go toing publec schools, though they had to pay revenue enhancements for those schools. It became easier for them to go forth, instead than populate under a authorities that wouldn+t recongize their rights. Among the Creoles who stayed, their finding non to intermix into the society grew. In 1843 the first magazine of Hagiographas by Creoles was published. It was called L+Album Litteraire, and contained a aggregation of verse forms and short narratives. Armand Lanusse published a book of verse forms by Creoles. These plants were treasured by the Creoles of colour. The narratives and verse forms were memorized and cherished. At the oncoming of the Civil War many Creoles left for Haiti, where they would be recognized as a particular group. The Creoles who remained had assorted feelings abouut the Civil War. If the South won the war, the Creoles thought there was a opportunity of keeping thier separate category. If the the North won, the Creoles feared they would be lost in the rush of freed slaves. At the same clip there was hope that all people, black and white, would be treated the same. Until New Orleans fell to the Union ground forces, many Creoles had supported the South and given their adjutant in the war. The Creoles finally gravitiated to the North. This was because the South drove them to it. Laws had been passed necessitating free people of colour to hold a license to walk the streets. The Creoles loved the South, but the South seemed set on destructing them. Besides, the North offered the Creoles many promises. The most improtant one being, that with so many illiterate slaves being freed, the knowing Creoles would be awarded places of power. They would go leaders of the nonwhite population. After the war about all white Louisianians were deprived of their power because of their portion in the war. Positions of leading were abundant. In 1863, Lincoln said that all free people of colour who were intelligent and had fought on the Union side in the war should vote. By 1868, the offices of Lieutenant Governor and State Treasurer, among others, were held by Creoles. It was a brief period of equality and chance for people of colour. After a piece, the Whites who had supported the Confederacy were allowed to vote once more. They regained their places in the community. The anti-black feelings returned and the Creloses were included. It was a clip for the people of colour to pay for the shor t period of equality they had enjoyed. During this clip there were many vioulent Acts of the Apostless committed against people of colour. The Creoles still thought that they had a alone category, though they were seen as Negroes in the eyes of others. One bead of Negro blood made them black, when before one bead of white blood was plenty to allow them a small freedom. Bing black in the South at this clip was equal to holding no privileges at all. The populace schools which had been opened to them once more, were one time once more closed. Then came the Jim Crow Torahs, which made it progressively difficult for people of colour to populate. Discriminatory Torahs piled up on one another for a figure of old ages after 1900. Each one took more civil and economic rights off form the Creoles of colour every bit good as from non-Creole inkinesss. Since there was truly notheing they could make to better their state of affairs in Louisiana, many Creoles left the South. The Creoles who were light plenty passed into white society. After a while the Creoles of colour realized that they could non stay wholly separate from American society. They knew thsy would hold to alter in some ways in order to map in America. By the early yars of the 20th centry, they had stopped talking Gallic. Today, merely a few Gallic words remain in their address. Yet despited all the alterations, the Creoles of colour have maintined enough of their alone civilization to separate them organize other inkinesss. There is a batch of calamity involved in the sory of the Creoles of Color. They attained Civil rights about a century before the Civil Rights Movement in America. They came so close to accomplishing equality between inkinesss and Whites, merely to hold it all taken off from them. One wonders how the class of American history may hold changed if the brief period of chance that the Creoles enjoyed had been the tendency that the United Stated had followed from so on. Bibliography Mills, Gary B. The Forgotten People, Cane River+s Creoles of Color. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1977. Haskins, James. The Creoles of Color of New Orleans. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1975. Dominguez, Virgina R, White By Definition, Social Classification in Creole Louisiana. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1986. Desdunes, Rudope Lucien. Our Peoples and Our History. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1973.

Foreign Policy Under Thomas Jefferson

Foreign Policy Under Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson, a Democrat-Republican, won the presidency from John Adams in the election of 1800. Highs and lows marked his foreign policy initiatives, which included the spectacularly successful Louisiana Purchase, and the horrid Embargo Act. Years in Office: first term, 1801-1805; second term, 1805-1809. Foreign Policy Ranking: first term, good; second term, disastrous Barbary War Jefferson was the first president to commit US forces to a foreign war. Barbary pirates, sailing from Tripoli (now the capital of Libya) and other places in North Africa, had long demanded tribute payments from American merchant ships plying the Mediterranean Sea. In 1801, however, they raised their demands, and Jefferson demanded an end to the practice of bribe payments. Jefferson sent US Navy ships and a contingent of Marines to Tripoli, where a brief engagement with pirates marked the United States first successful overseas venture. The conflict also helped convince Jefferson, never a supporter of large standing armies, that the United States needed a professionally trained military officer cadre. As such, he signed legislation to create the United States Military Academy at West Point. Louisiana Purchase In 1763, France lost the French and Indian War to Great Britain. Before the Treaty of Paris of 1763 stripped it permanently of all territory in North America, France ceded Louisiana (a roughly defined territory west of the Mississippi River and south of the 49th Parallel) to Spain for diplomatic safe-keeping. France planned to retrieve it from Spain in the future. The deal made Spain nervous as it feared to lose the territory, first to Great Britain, then to the United States after 1783. To prevent incursions, Spain periodically shut down the Mississippi to Anglo-American trade. President Washington, through Pinckneys Treaty in 1796, negotiated an end to Spanish interference on the river. In 1802, Napoleon, now emperor of France, made plans to reclaim Louisiana from Spain. Jefferson recognized that French reacquisition of Louisiana would negate Pinckneys Treaty, and he sent a diplomatic delegation to Paris to renegotiate it. In the meantime, a military corps that Napoleon had sent to reoccupy New Orleans had run afoul of disease and revolution in Haiti. It subsequently abandoned its mission, causing Napoleon to consider Louisiana too costly and cumbersome to maintain. Upon meeting the US delegation, Napoleons ministers offered to sell the United States all of Louisiana for $15 million. The diplomats did not have the authority to make the purchase, so they wrote to Jefferson and waited weeks for a response. Jefferson favored a strict interpretation of the Constitution; that is, he did not favor wide latitude in interpreting the document. He abruptly switched to a loose constitutional interpretation of executive authority and okayed the purchase. In doing so, he doubled the size of the United States cheaply and without warfare. The Louisiana Purchase was Jeffersons greatest diplomatic and foreign policy achievement. Embargo Act When fighting between France and England intensified, Jefferson tried to craft a foreign policy that allowed the United States to trade with both belligerents without taking sides in their war. That was impossible, given that both sides considered trade with the other a de facto act of war. While both countries violated American neutral trade rights with a series of trade restrictions, the United States considered Great Britain to be the biggest violator because of its practice of impressment- kidnapping US sailors from American ships to serve in the British navy. In 1806, Congress- now controlled by Democrat-Republicans- passed the Non-Importation Act, which prohibited the import of certain goods from the British Empire. The act did no good, and both Great Britain and France continued to deny American neutral rights. Congress and Jefferson ultimately responded with the Embargo Act in 1807. The act, believe it or not, prohibited American trade with all nations- period. Certainly, the act contained loopholes, and some foreign goods came in while smugglers got some American goods out. But the act stopped the bulk of American trade, hurting the nations economy. In fact, it wrecked the economy of New England, which relied almost exclusively on trade to support its economy. The act rested, in part, on Jeffersons inability to craft a creative foreign policy for the situation. It also pointed out American arrogance which believed the major European nations would cave in without American goods. The Embargo Act failed, and Jefferson ended it just days before he left office in March 1809. It marked the lowest point of his foreign policy attempts.

The History of Pepsi Cola

The History of Pepsi Cola Pepsi Cola is one of the most recognizable products in the world today, almost as famous for its commercials as for its never-ending battle with rival soft drink Coca-Cola. From its humble origins more than 125 years ago in a North Carolina pharmacy, Pepsi has grown into a product available in multiple formulations. Find out how this simple soda became a player in the Cold War and became a pop stars best friend. Humble Origins The original formula for what would become Pepsi Cola was invented in 1893 by pharmacist Caleb Bradham of New Bern, N.C. Like many pharmacists at the time, he operated a soda fountain in his drugstore, where he served drinks that he created himself. His most popular beverage was something he called Brads drink, a mix of sugar, water, caramel, lemon oil, kola nuts, nutmeg, and other additives. As the beverage caught on, Bradham decided to give it a snappier name, eventually settling on Pepsi-Cola. By the summer of 1903, he had trademarked the name and was selling his soda syrup to pharmacies and other vendors throughout North Carolina. By the end of 1910, franchisers were selling Pepsi in 24 states.   At first, Pepsi had been marketed as a digestive aid, appealing to consumers with the slogan, Exhilarating, Invigorating, Aids Digestion. But as the brand flourished, the company switched tactics and decided instead to use the power of celebrity to sell Pepsi. In 1913, Pepsi hired Barney Oldfield, a famous racecar driver of the era, as a spokesman. He became famous for his slogan Drink  Pepsi-Cola.  It Will Satisfy You. The company would continue to use celebrities to appeal to buyers in the coming decades. Bankruptcy and Revival After years of success, Caleb Bradham lost Pepsi Cola. He had gambled on the fluctuations of sugar prices during World War I, believing that sugar prices would continue to rise - but they fell instead, leaving Caleb Bradham with an overpriced sugar inventory. Pepsi Cola went bankrupt in 1923. In 1931, after passing through the hands of several investors, Pepsi Cola was bought by the Loft Candy Co. Charles G. Guth, Lofts president, struggled to make a success of Pepsi during the depths of the Great Depression. At one point, Loft even offered to sell Pepsi to executives at Coke, who refused to offer a bid. Guth reformulated Pepsi and began selling the soda in 12-ounce bottles for just 5 cents, which was twice as much as what Coke offered in its 6-ounce bottles. Touting Pepsi as twice as much for a nickel, Pepsi scored an unexpected hit as its Nickel Nickel radio jingle became the first to be broadcast coast to coast. Eventually, it would be recorded in 55 languages and named one of the most effective ads of the 20th century by Advertising Age. Pepsi Postwar   Pepsi made sure it had a reliable supply of sugar during World War II, and the drink became a familiar sight to U.S. troops fighting all across the globe. In the years after the war, the brand would remain long after American GIs had gone home. Back in the States, Pepsi embraced the postwar years. Company president Al Steele married actress Joan Crawford, and she frequently touted Pepsi during corporate gatherings and visits to local bottlers throughout the 1950s. By the early 1960s, companies like Pepsi had set their sights on the Baby Boomers. The first ads appealing to young people called the Pepsi Generation arrived, followed in 1964 by the companys first diet soda, also targeted at young people.   The company was changing in different ways. Pepsi acquired the Mountain Dew brand in 1964 and a year later merged with snack-maker Frito-Lay. The Pepsi brand was growing up quickly. By the 1970s, this once failing brand was threatening to displace Coca-Cola as the top soda brand in the U.S.  Pepsi even made international headlines in 1974 when it became the first U.S. product to be produced and sold within the U.S.S.R. A New Generation Throughout the late 1970s and early 80s, Pepsi Generation ads continued to appeal to young drinkers while also targeting older consumers with a series of Pepsi Challenge commercials and in-store tastings. Pepsi broke new ground in 1984 when it hired Michael Jackson, who was in the midst of his Thriller success, to be its spokesman. The TV commercials, rivaling Jacksons elaborate music videos, were such a hit that Pepsi would hire a number of well-known musicians, celebrities, and others throughout the decade, including Tina Turner, Joe Montana, Michael J. Fox, and Geraldine Ferraro.   Pepsis efforts were successful enough that in 1985 Coke announced that it was changing its signature formula. New Coke was such a disaster that the company had to backtrack and reintroduce its classic formula, something Pepsi frequently took credit for. But in 1992, Pepsi would suffer a product failure of its own when the spin-off Crystal Pepsi failed to impress Generation X buyers. It soon was discontinued. Pepsi Today Like its rivals, the Pepsi brand has diversified far beyond what Caleb Bradham could ever have imagined. In addition to the classic Pepsi Cola, consumers can also find Diet Pepsi, plus varieties without caffeine, without corn syrup, flavored with cherry or vanilla, even an 1893 brand that celebrates its original heritage. The company has also branched out into the lucrative sports drink market with the Gatorade brand, as well as Aquafina bottled water, Amp energy drinks, and Starbucks coffee beverages. Sources Calderone, Anna. Crystal Pepsi Will Return to Shelves One Last Time This Summer. People.com. 19 July 2017.CBS News staff. Almanac: Pepsi Cola. CBSNews.com. 16 June 2013.Herrera, Monica. Michael Jackson, Pepsi Made Marketing History. Billboard.com. 7 March 2009.PepsiCo staff writers. The Pepsi Cola Story. Pepsi.com. 2005.

Futures Complete Featured Software Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Futures Complete Featured Software - Essay Example It can be termed as a process of creating an incomplete model for future’s complete featured software. The process includes identification of the basic requirements, developing initial prototypes, gather reviews of the customers, revise and enhance. Prototyping is mostly exercised in projects where risk is involved. The aim is to eliminate an element of any serious risk in the project. The processing methodology is mostly used when a rapid development is essential. It will solve many issues related to the software and the end users. This usually engages interviews involving a number of users from all the departments or phases of the existing system. If there is any misunderstanding between the end user and the customer is present, all of them are exposed. It will help in finding the missing services and will help us to identify the confusing services. A system is available early on in the process. It serves to provide the foundation for deriving a working system specification. User Interface (UI) that can support end user’s training and testing of the software at the same time. That will enable us in developing software according to our needs and requirements completely. Quicker user feedback leads to the better solution. Along with the development our end using staff would be given a training session as well. Some of the problems that I think we could face are insufficient analysis. This can lead to ignore enhanced solutions, preparation of incomplete specifications or the conversion of limited prototypes into poorly engineered final projects that are hard to maintain. The user may have some confusion regarding the finished system as they may think that this is a prototype and actual system would be more refined one. In this methodology, the developer could misunderstand the user’s objective.