Sterilization of Water

hear Report Determination of the Dosage of Bleaching Powder Required for Sterilization of Different Samples of piddle system CONTENTS 1. insane asylum 2. GENERAL METHODS USED 3. THEORY 4. REQUIREMENTS 5. PROCEDURE 6. OBSERVATION TABLES 7. CALCULATIONS 8. RESULT 9. CONCLUSION INTRODUCTION Water is the major(ip) constituent of all living beings. Water necessary to sustain all types of life. The pissing employ for alcohol addiction purpose by human beings should full the following conditions 1. It should be colouring materialless. 2. It should not possess any smell. 3.It should acquit any harmful fade away salts much(prenominal) as nitrates, mercury salts, lead salts. 4. It should not be stick out any living organism such as algae, fungus, bacteria etc. Sterilization of Disinfection of Water In order to obtain peeing for drinking purpose, peeing is first treated with alum w hereby clay and early(a) colloidal particles go precipitated the suspended impurities be hence r emoved by filtration and the clear irrigate obtained is subjected to any(prenominal) suitable treatment to destroy harmful germs and bacteria. These bacteria cause some dangerous disease such as cholera, thyroid, dysentery, tuberculosis, diphtheria etc.The process of killing the harmful bacteria by some suitable treatment of water is called STERILIZATION of DISINFECTION OF WATER. The common sterilizer agents are chlorine, ozone, bleaching gunpowderize, kilobyte per magnate chloramines. Sterilization of water with bleaching powder gives chlorine and if it is in redundance, it is harmful for health and causes diseases like chlorawis, unconsciousness etc. So here we pay back the exact summate of bleaching powder utilise of unavoidable for the sterilization of given take ins of water. General Methods of Sterilizing WaterThere are many methods of sterilizing water but the best is one which gives strain of water which is totally free from germs. Sometimes potassium per magna te is utilize to disinfect water but it is not for drinking as it gives red colour and the excess of it is in harmful for health. We use dissolve in water, so it displace not be used in large casing. Another method for disinfection is by simply boiling the water for virtually 15 minutes, but this powder. The chemical action of bleaching powder on germs and bacteria is due to the chlorine which becomes available, when it is added to water.So here in the present context, we shall focus on disinfection of water using bleaching powder. Theory Objective Our objective of this chore is to determine the get along of bleaching powder required for the sterilization of given samples of water. So certain steps are taken in the context as follows - 1- A k without delayn mass of the given samples of bleaching powder is dissolved in water to prepare a origin of known concentration. This root word contains dissolved chlorine, liberated by the action of bleaching powder with water. CaOCl2+ H2O - Ca(OH)2+ Cl2 The amount of chlorine present in the above answer is refractory by treating a known raft of the above ancestor with excess of 10% potassium iodide rootage, when kindred amount of iodine is liberated. The iodine, thus liberated is then estimated by titrating it against a standard etymon of atomic number 11 thiosulphate using starch solution as indicator. Cl2+ 2KI 2KCl + I2 I2+ 2Na2S2O3 Na2S4O6+ 2NaI 3- A known volume of one of the given samples of water is treated with a known volume of bleaching powder solution.The amount of residual chlorines is determined by adding excess potassium iodine solution and then titrating against standard sodium thio-sulphate solution. 4- From the variation in 2 and 3, the amount of chloring and hence bleaching powder required for the disinfection of a given volume of the given sample of water can be calculated. Requirements for the Experimental Determination Requirements are as follows Apparatus 1. Burette 2. Titration Flask 3. cholecalciferol ml amount flask 4. 100 ml Graduated Cylinder 5. 250 ml mensuration flask 6. 1lt. Measuring flask 7. Glazed Tile 8. Glass Wool. Chemicals 1.Bleaching powder -5gm. 2. Na2SO4-12. 4 gm. 3. KI 25gm. 4. Different Sample of Water 5. Distilled Water 6. Soluble starch 1gm. 7. Indicator Starch Solution. Procedure 1- Preparation of N/20 Na2SO4solution Take 12. 4 gm of sodium thio-sulphate hydrated and mix it in intimately 500ml of water then the mixture is diluted to make the volume kilobyteml. or 1lt. Normality = strength/Molecular Mass. = 12. 4 / 248 = 1/20N 2- Preparation of 10%KI solution Take 25gm. of KI powder and mix it in about 100ml of water then dilute the mixture to make the volume 250 ml and take it in the measuring flask. Preparation of Bleaching Powder solution Weight 5gm of bleaching powder and mix it in about 200 ml of distilled water in a conical flask. Stopper the flask and shake it smartly. The suspension thus obtained is filtered thro ugh glass wool in measuring flask of 500ml. and dilute the filtrate with water to make the volume 500 ml. The solution of obtained is 1% bleaching powder of solution. 4- Preparation of starch solution Take about 1gm of oil-soluble starch and 10 ml of distilled water in a test table mix vigorously to obtain a paste. Pour the paste in about 100ml. of hot water contained in a beaker with constant stirring.Boil the contents for 4-5min. and then allow to cool. 5- Take 100ml. of distilled of water and then 20ml of bleaching powder of solution in a stopper conical flask and add it 20ml of 10% KI solution. Shake the mixture, measure this solution against N/20 Na2S2O3 Solution taken in burette. When solution in the conical flask becomes illume yellow in colour add about 2ml of starch solution as indicator. The solution now becomes vipers bugloss in colour. The end point is disappearance of blur colour, so continue titrating till the blue colour just disappears. Repeat the titration to g et a set of three readings. Take 100ml of water sample in a conical flask and add 20ml of KI solution and stopper the flask. Shake it and titrates against N/20 Na2S2O3until the solution become yellow. Then add 2ml of starch solution and then again titrate till the blue colour disappears. Repeat titration for three readings. 7- Repeat the step 6 with other samples of water and records the observation. Observation Table Titration I * lot of distilled water taken 100ml * chroma of bleaching powder sol. taken 20ml * glitz of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading older No. Initial Final Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3sol. used 1. 1. ml 0. 9ml 7. 7ml 2. 0. 9ml 16. 6ml 7. 7ml 3. 16. 6ml 24. 0ml 7. 7ml Titration II * Volume of water sample I taken 100ml * Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml * Volume of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading Sr. No. Initial Final Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3sol. used 1. 10. 1 ml. 16. 2 ml. 6. 1 ml. 2. 16. 2 ml. 22. 3 ml. 6. 1 ml. 3. 2 2. 3 ml. 28. 4 ml. 6. 1 ml. Titration triad * Volume of water sample I taken 100ml * Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml * Volume of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading Sr. No. Initial Final Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3sol. sed 1. 8. 9 ml. 14. 1 ml. 5. 2 ml. 2. 14. 1 ml. 19. 3 ml. 5. 2 ml. 3. 19. 3 ml. 14. 5 ml. 5. 2 ml. Titration IV * Volume of water sample I taken 100ml * Volume of bleaching powder sol. added 20ml * Volume of KI solution added 20ml Burette Reading Sr. No. Initial Final Final Vol. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3sol. used 1. 16. 1 ml. 21. 6 ml. 5. 5 ml. 2. 21. 1 ml. 27. 1 ml. 5. 5 ml. 3. 27. 1 ml. 32. 6 ml. 5. 5 ml. Calculations Sample I (TAP WATER) measuring rod of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100ml of water samples I. = (7. 7 6. 1) ml of 0. 2 N of Na2S2O3solution. 1. 6ml. 1ml of bleaching powder solution contains bleaching powder =5/500 = 0. 01gm. 20ml of bleaching powder solution = 7. 7ml of 0. 2N of Na2SO4 So 1ml of Na2S2O3solu tion = 20/7. 7 ml of bleaching powder solution. Volume of bleaching powder solution used to disinfect 100ml of water = 1. 6 x 20/7. 7ml. 1. 6 x 20/7. 7 ml. of bleaching powder solution =1. 6 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 =0. 4156 gm Calculations Sample II (POND WATER) - come in of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100ml of water. = (7. 7 5. 2) ml of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3solution = 2. 5ml 1ml of bleaching powder solution contains bleaching powder = 0. 1 gm. 7. 7ml. of 0. 2N Na2S2O3= 20ml of bleaching powder solution So 1ml of Na2S2O3= 20ml. of bleaching powder solution. Volume of CaoCl2solution required to disinfect 100ml of water. = 2. 5 x 20/7. 7 ml. 2. 5 x 20/7. 7 ml. of bleaching powder solution. = 2. 5 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 of bleaching powder Amount of bleaching powder required to disinfect 1 let. of water. = 2. 5 x 20 x 0. 01 x 1000 / 7. 7 x 100 = 25 x 2/7. 7 =0. 6493 gm. Calculations Sample III (TANK WATER) - Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 100ml of water. = (7. 7 5. 5 ) = 2. 2ml of 0. 2 N of Na2S2O3solutions. ml of bleaching powder solution contains bleaching powder. = 5/500 = 0. 01gm 7. 7 ml. of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3= 20ml of bleaching powder solution. so 1ml of 0. 2 N Na2S2O3solution = 20/7. 7 ml volume of bleaching powder solution used to disinfect 100ml of water = 2. 2 x 20/7. 7 ml. 2. 2 x 20/7. 7 ml of bleaching powder solution = 2. 2 x 20 x 0. 01 gm / 7. 7 of bleaching powder Amount of bleaching powder used to disinfect 1 ltr. of water = 2. 2 x 20 x 0. 01 x 1000 / 7. 7 x 100 = 22 x 2/77 =0. 5714gm Results Amount of the given samples of bleaching powder required to disinfect one liter of water - Samples I = 0. 4156Samples II = 0. 6493 Samples III = 0. 5714 Thus we get the amount required for disinfection and if bleaching powder is taken less than this amount water will remain impure and if it taken in excess than this will also be harmful as it will contain chlorine. The results shows that Samples II is the imputes water as the amount of bleaching powder requires is maximum and Sample I is less impure than others as the bleaching powder used is minimum. The tables also show the difference. Titration III has minimum reading because of impurities and titration I has maximum reading because the sample was distilled water.Conclusion This is the convenient method of sterilizing water. It leaves no impurities and its harmful effect if bleaching powder is taken in obligation amount. In this way we can calculate the amount of bleaching powder required for any sample of water and then take it in large amount if the water is to be disinfected in large scale as in water works. And thus the only cause of using bleaching powder to disinfect water instead of any other method is this that it kills all germs and bacteria due to its chemical action and provides us a pure sample of water to use for all purpose.